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reach required level

  • 1 level

    ['lev(ə)l]
    n

    They are on a level mentally. — Они одного мнталитета.

    She'll bring him to her level. — Она доведет его до своего уровня.

    He is not of her level. — Он ей не пара.

    The water is on a level with the banks. — Вода вровень с берегами.

    He is a professional, but not on a high level. — Он профессионал, но не очень высокого класса.

    The accident reduced all the passengers to one level. — Авария поставила всех пассажиров в одно положение.

    - intermediate level
    - dead level
    - record level
    - world level
    - comprehension level
    - people on various levels of development
    - level tablespoon of salt
    - level indicator
    - level of the water
    - level of unemployment
    - vast level of the dessert
    - level of the coast
    - level of performance
    - level of production
    - level of defence spending
    - shining level of the lake
    - change in price level
    - change of level
    - people on the level
    - books for the advanced level
    - at the same level
    - on various levels
    - on a professional level
    - far above the usual level
    - far above the ordinary level
    - above the sea level
    - at ground level
    - on a purely practical level
    - on a conversational level
    - at all levels in the union
    - at a local level
    - below the sea level
    - at prices below black-market level
    - below the danger level
    - on a high-school level
    - on the college level
    - at government level
    - at Cabinet level
    - below the general level of the class
    - on varying levels
    - on a policy-making level
    - add three level tablespoons of smth
    - arrive to the pre-war level
    - be on the same level of knowledge
    - be on a level with the window
    - be in a deep level of depression
    - be on a level with the latest investigations
    - check the oil level
    - come down to this level
    - come to bottom level
    - consider the problem at the ministerial level
    - discuss the matter at the highest level
    - drop to a level of 1000 feet
    - sink to a level of 1000 feet
    - find one's own level
    - get to the required level
    - give a level
    - go down to smb's level
    - keep a constant level
    - raise the intellectual level of the people
    - raise the issue on a low level
    - reach the prewar level
    - reduce smb to the level of beasts
    - reach a higher level
    - reduce to one level
    - talk on a purely professional level
    USAGE:
    (1.) Существительное level с предшествующим определением, указывающим на объект, взятый в качестве точки отсчета уровня, употребляется без артикля: at roof (pavement, eye, ground) level на уровне крыши (тротуара, глаз, земли). (2.) See depth, n; USAGE (1.), (2.). (3.) See height, n; USAGE (1.).

    English-Russian combinatory dictionary > level

  • 2 grade

    ɡreid
    1. noun
    1) (one level in a scale of qualities, sizes etc: several grades of sandpaper; a high-grade ore.) nivel, categoría, calidad, grado
    2) ((American) (the pupils in) a class or year at school: We're in the fifth grade now.) curso, año
    3) (a mark for, or level in, an examination etc: He always got good grades at school.) nota
    4) ((especially American) the slope of a railway etc; gradient.) pendiente

    2. verb
    1) (to sort into grades: to grade eggs.) clasificar
    2) (to move through different stages: Red grades into purple as blue is added.) (colores) degradar; tranformarse
    - grader
    - grade school
    - make the grade

    grade1 n
    1. clase / categoría / grado
    2. nota
    3. curso / año
    grade2 vb clasificar
    tr[greɪd]
    1 (degree, level) grado
    3 (class, category) clase nombre femenino, categoría
    4 (rank) rango, grado
    5 (mark) nota
    6 SMALLAMERICAN ENGLISH/SMALL (gradient) pendiente nombre femenino
    7 SMALLAMERICAN ENGLISH/SMALL (form) clase nombre femenino
    1 (sort, classify) clasificar
    2 (road) nivelar
    3 (student) calificar, poner una nota
    4 (colours) degradar
    \
    SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALL
    to make the grade (reach desired standard) alcanzar el nivel necesario 2 (succeed) tener éxito
    grade crossing SMALLAMERICAN ENGLISH/SMALL paso a nivel
    grade school SMALLAMERICAN ENGLISH/SMALL escuela primaria
    grade ['greɪd] vt, graded ; grading
    1) sort: clasificar
    2) level: nivelar
    3) : calificar (exámenes, alumnos)
    1) quality: categoría f, calidad f
    2) rank: grado m, rango m (militar)
    3) year: grado m, curso m, año m
    sixth grade: el sexto grado
    4) mark: nota f, calificación f (en educación)
    5) slope: cuesta f, pendiente f, gradiente f
    n.
    calidad s.f.
    clase s.f.
    declive s.m.
    escalón s.m.
    grado s.m.
    nota s.f.
    pendiente s.m.
    puntuación s.f.
    v.
    clasificar v.
    explanar v.
    graduar v.
    nivelar v.

    I greɪd
    1)
    a) ( quality) calidad f; (degree, level)

    grade A o grade 1 tomatoes — tomates mpl de la mejor calidad or de primera

    b) ( in seniority) grado m ( del escalafón); ( Mil) rango m

    to make the grade — (colloq) ( reach required level) alcanzar* el nivel requerido/necesario; ( succeed) tener* éxito, triunfar

    2) ( Educ)
    a) ( class) (AmE) grado m, año m, curso m
    b) ( in exam) nota f, calificación f
    3) ( gradient) (AmE) cuesta f

    II
    1)
    a) ( classify) clasificar*
    b) ( order in ascending scale) \<\<exercise/questions\>\> ordenar por grado de dificultad
    c) ( mark) (AmE) \<\<test/exercise\>\> corregir* y calificar*
    d) graded past p < produce> clasificado; <tests/exercises> (BrE) escalonados por grado de dificultad
    2) ( make more level) \<\<surface/soil\>\> (AmE) nivelar
    [ɡreɪd]
    1. N
    1) (=level, standard) (on scale) clase f, categoría f ; (in job) grado m, categoría f
    - make the grade
    2) (Mil) (=rank) graduación f, grado m
    3) (=quality) clase f, calidad f

    high-/low-grade material — material m de alta/baja calidad

    4) (Scol) (=mark) nota f
    5) (US) (=school class)
    See:
    see cultural note HIGH SCHOOL
    6) (US) (=gradient) pendiente f, cuesta f
    7) (US) (=ground level)
    2. VT
    1) [+ goods, eggs] clasificar, graduar; [+ colours] degradar
    2) (Scol) (=mark) calificar
    3.
    CPD

    grade book N(US) libreta f de calificaciones

    grade crossing N(US) (Rail) paso m a nivel

    grade point average N(US) nota f promedio

    grade school N(US) escuela f primaria

    grade sheet N(US) hoja f de calificaciones

    GRADE En Estados Unidos y Canadá, los cursos escolares se denominan grades, desde el primer año de primaria first grade hasta el último curso de la enseñanza secundaria 12th grade. A los alumnos de los últimos cursos se les suele conocer por un nombre distinto según el curso en el que estén: freshmen si están en el 9th grade, sophomores si están en el 10th grade, juniors en el 11th grade y seniors en el 12th grade.
    * * *

    I [greɪd]
    1)
    a) ( quality) calidad f; (degree, level)

    grade A o grade 1 tomatoes — tomates mpl de la mejor calidad or de primera

    b) ( in seniority) grado m ( del escalafón); ( Mil) rango m

    to make the grade — (colloq) ( reach required level) alcanzar* el nivel requerido/necesario; ( succeed) tener* éxito, triunfar

    2) ( Educ)
    a) ( class) (AmE) grado m, año m, curso m
    b) ( in exam) nota f, calificación f
    3) ( gradient) (AmE) cuesta f

    II
    1)
    a) ( classify) clasificar*
    b) ( order in ascending scale) \<\<exercise/questions\>\> ordenar por grado de dificultad
    c) ( mark) (AmE) \<\<test/exercise\>\> corregir* y calificar*
    d) graded past p < produce> clasificado; <tests/exercises> (BrE) escalonados por grado de dificultad
    2) ( make more level) \<\<surface/soil\>\> (AmE) nivelar

    English-spanish dictionary > grade

  • 3 standard

    'stændəd
    1. noun
    1) (something used as a basis of measurement: The kilogram is the international standard of weight.)
    2) (a basis for judging quality, or a level of excellence aimed at, required or achieved: You can't judge an amateur artist's work by the same standards as you would judge that of a trained artist; high standards of behaviour; His performance did not reach the required standard.)
    3) (a flag or carved figure etc fixed to a pole and carried eg at the front of an army going into battle.)

    2. adjective
    ((accepted as) normal or usual; The Post Office likes the public to use a standard size of envelope.)
    - standardise
    - standardization
    - standardisation
    - standard-bearer
    - be up to / below standard
    - standard of living

    standard1 adj estándar
    1. nivel
    2. criterio
    by modern standards, the cities were dirty and dangerous según criterios modernos, las ciudades estaban sucias y eran peligrosas

    standard adjetivo & nm estándar
    ' standard' also found in these entries: Spanish: abanderada - abanderado - estándar - estandarte - lámpara - nivel - norma - patrón - patrona - pauta - pendón - calor - clásico - cultural - fórmula - insignia - uniforme English: ASCII - employ - gold standard - ISBN - standard - standard-bearer - up to - adequate - come - CST - division - double - EST - go - LST - MST - par - policy - PST - rise - set - tone - unacceptable - up - well
    tr['stændəd]
    1 (level, degree) nivel nombre masculino; (quality) cualidad nombre femenino
    2 (criterion, yardstick) criterio, valor nombre masculino
    3 (norm, rule) norma, regla, estándar nombre masculino
    4 (flag) estandarte nombre masculino, bandera; (of ship) pabellón nombre masculino
    6 SMALLMUSIC/SMALL tema nombre masculino clásico, clásico
    1 normal, estándar
    it is standard practice es la norma, es la práctica habitual
    \
    SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALL
    to be up to / be below standard satisfacer los requisitos / no satisfacer los requisitos
    standard lamp lámpara de pie
    standard time hora oficial
    standard ['stændərd] adj
    1) established: estándar, oficial
    standard measures: medidas oficiales
    standard English: el inglés estándar
    2) normal: normal, estándar, común
    3) classic: estándar, clásico
    a standard work: una obra clásica
    1) banner: estandarte m
    2) criterion: criterio m
    3) rule: estándar m, norma f, regla f
    4) level: nivel m
    standard of living: nivel de vida
    5) support: poste m, soporte m
    adj.
    clásico, -a adj.
    corriente adj.
    estándar adj.
    legal adj.
    norma adj.
    normal adj.
    patrón (Norma) adj.
    reglamentario, -a adj.
    n.
    bandera s.f.
    enseña s.f.
    estandarte s.m.
    estándar s.m.
    ley s.f.
    lábaro s.m.
    marco s.m.
    medida s.f.
    modelo s.m.
    nivel s.m.
    norma s.f.
    patrón s.m.
    pendón s.m.
    tafetán s.m.
    tasa s.f.

    I 'stændərd, 'stændəd
    1)
    a) ( level) nivel m; ( quality) calidad f

    standard of livingnivel m or estándar m de vida

    b) ( norm)

    up to standarddel nivel requerido or de la calidad requerida

    c) ( official measure) estándar m
    2)
    a) ( yardstick) criterio m, parámetro m

    by any o anybody's standards — se mire por donde se mire or desde cualquier punto de vista

    b) standards pl ( moral principles) principios mpl
    3) (flag, emblem) estandarte m

    II
    1) ( normal) < size> estándar adj inv, normal; < model> ( Auto) estándar adj inv, de serie; < procedure> habitual; < reaction> típico, normal

    it's standard (practice) to ask for security — pedir garantías es la norma, se acostumbra or se suele pedir garantías

    2) ( officially established) <weight/measure> estándar adj inv, oficial

    standard timehora f oficial

    3)
    a) <work/reference> clásico
    b) <English/French/pronunciation> estándar adj inv
    ['stændǝd]
    1. N
    1) (=measure) estándar m

    his standards are high/low — sus estándares son altos/bajos, los niveles que requiere son altos/bajos

    double 6.
    2) (=norm)

    to be below standard — no tener la suficiente calidad

    standards of conductnormas fpl de conducta

    the gold standard — (Econ) el patrón oro

    to set a standard, the society sets standards for judging different breeds of dog — la asociación establece ciertos patrones or ciertas normas para juzgar las distintas razas de perros

    her work has set a standard for excellence which it will be hard to equal — su labor ha establecido unos niveles de excelencia que serán muy difíciles de igualar

    this film sets a new standard — esta película establece nuevos niveles de calidad cinematográfica, esta película supera los niveles cinematográficos anteriores

    her work/performance was not up to standard — su trabajo/actuación no estaba a la altura (requerida)

    3) (=level) nivel m ; (=quality) calidad f

    of (a) high/ low standard — de alto/bajo nivel

    4) standards valores mpl morales
    5) (=flag) estandarte m, bandera f
    6) (=pole) (for flag) poste m ; (for lamp) pie m
    7) (Bot) árbol o arbusto de tronco erecto y desprovisto de ramas
    8) (=song) tema m clásico, clásico m
    2. ADJ
    1) (=normal) [design, length] estándar adj inv ; [amount, size] normal; [feature] normal, corriente; [charge] fijo; [procedure] habitual

    to become standard — [practice, procedure] imponerse como norma

    2) (=officially approved) [spelling, pronunciation] estándar adj inv ; [grammar] normativa; [measure] legal
    3) (=classic, recommended)
    3.
    CPD

    standard bearer N — (lit) abanderado(-a) m / f ; (fig) abanderado(-a) m / f, adalid mf

    standard class Nclase f turista

    standard deviation N — (Statistics) desviación f estándar or típica

    standard English Ninglés m estándar or normativo

    standard error N — (Statistics) error m estándar or típico

    standard gauge N — (Rail) vía f normal

    Standard Grade N(Scot) (Scol) certificado obtenido tras aprobar los exámenes al final de la educación secundaria obligatoria

    See:

    standard lamp Nlámpara f de pie

    standard model Nmodelo m estándar

    standard of living Nnivel m de vida

    standard price Nprecio m oficial

    standard quality Ncalidad f normal

    standard rate N — (Econ) tipo m de interés vigente

    standard time Nhora f oficial

    standard unit N — (Elec, Gas) paso m (de contador)

    standard weight Npeso m legal

    * * *

    I ['stændərd, 'stændəd]
    1)
    a) ( level) nivel m; ( quality) calidad f

    standard of livingnivel m or estándar m de vida

    b) ( norm)

    up to standarddel nivel requerido or de la calidad requerida

    c) ( official measure) estándar m
    2)
    a) ( yardstick) criterio m, parámetro m

    by any o anybody's standards — se mire por donde se mire or desde cualquier punto de vista

    b) standards pl ( moral principles) principios mpl
    3) (flag, emblem) estandarte m

    II
    1) ( normal) < size> estándar adj inv, normal; < model> ( Auto) estándar adj inv, de serie; < procedure> habitual; < reaction> típico, normal

    it's standard (practice) to ask for security — pedir garantías es la norma, se acostumbra or se suele pedir garantías

    2) ( officially established) <weight/measure> estándar adj inv, oficial

    standard timehora f oficial

    3)
    a) <work/reference> clásico
    b) <English/French/pronunciation> estándar adj inv

    English-spanish dictionary > standard

  • 4 standard

    ['stændəd] 1. noun
    1) (something used as a basis of measurement: The kilogram is the international standard of weight.) standard; målestok
    2) (a basis for judging quality, or a level of excellence aimed at, required or achieved: You can't judge an amateur artist's work by the same standards as you would judge that of a trained artist; high standards of behaviour; His performance did not reach the required standard.) standard
    3) (a flag or carved figure etc fixed to a pole and carried eg at the front of an army going into battle.) standart
    2. adjective
    ((accepted as) normal or usual; The Post Office likes the public to use a standard size of envelope.) standard-
    - standardise
    - standardization
    - standardisation
    - standard-bearer
    - be up to / below standard
    - standard of living
    * * *
    ['stændəd] 1. noun
    1) (something used as a basis of measurement: The kilogram is the international standard of weight.) standard; målestok
    2) (a basis for judging quality, or a level of excellence aimed at, required or achieved: You can't judge an amateur artist's work by the same standards as you would judge that of a trained artist; high standards of behaviour; His performance did not reach the required standard.) standard
    3) (a flag or carved figure etc fixed to a pole and carried eg at the front of an army going into battle.) standart
    2. adjective
    ((accepted as) normal or usual; The Post Office likes the public to use a standard size of envelope.) standard-
    - standardise
    - standardization
    - standardisation
    - standard-bearer
    - be up to / below standard
    - standard of living

    English-Danish dictionary > standard

  • 5 modular data center

    1. модульный центр обработки данных (ЦОД)

     

    модульный центр обработки данных (ЦОД)
    -
    [Интент]

    Параллельные тексты EN-RU

    [ http://loosebolts.wordpress.com/2008/12/02/our-vision-for-generation-4-modular-data-centers-one-way-of-getting-it-just-right/]

    [ http://dcnt.ru/?p=9299#more-9299]

    Data Centers are a hot topic these days. No matter where you look, this once obscure aspect of infrastructure is getting a lot of attention. For years, there have been cost pressures on IT operations and this, when the need for modern capacity is greater than ever, has thrust data centers into the spotlight. Server and rack density continues to rise, placing DC professionals and businesses in tighter and tougher situations while they struggle to manage their IT environments. And now hyper-scale cloud infrastructure is taking traditional technologies to limits never explored before and focusing the imagination of the IT industry on new possibilities.

    В настоящее время центры обработки данных являются широко обсуждаемой темой. Куда ни посмотришь, этот некогда малоизвестный аспект инфраструктуры привлекает все больше внимания. Годами ИТ-отделы испытывали нехватку средств и это выдвинуло ЦОДы в центр внимания, в то время, когда необходимость в современных ЦОДах стала как никогда высокой. Плотность серверов и стоек продолжают расти, все больше усложняя ситуацию для специалистов в области охлаждения и организаций в их попытках управлять своими ИТ-средами. И теперь гипермасштабируемая облачная инфраструктура подвергает традиционные технологии невиданным ранее нагрузкам, и заставляет ИТ-индустрию искать новые возможности.

    At Microsoft, we have focused a lot of thought and research around how to best operate and maintain our global infrastructure and we want to share those learnings. While obviously there are some aspects that we keep to ourselves, we have shared how we operate facilities daily, our technologies and methodologies, and, most importantly, how we monitor and manage our facilities. Whether it’s speaking at industry events, inviting customers to our “Microsoft data center conferences” held in our data centers, or through other media like blogging and white papers, we believe sharing best practices is paramount and will drive the industry forward. So in that vein, we have some interesting news to share.

    В компании MicroSoft уделяют большое внимание изучению наилучших методов эксплуатации и технического обслуживания своей глобальной инфраструктуры и делятся результатами своих исследований. И хотя мы, конечно, не раскрываем некоторые аспекты своих исследований, мы делимся повседневным опытом эксплуатации дата-центров, своими технологиями и методологиями и, что важнее всего, методами контроля и управления своими объектами. Будь то доклады на отраслевых событиях, приглашение клиентов на наши конференции, которые посвящены центрам обработки данных MicroSoft, и проводятся в этих самых дата-центрах, или использование других средств, например, блоги и спецификации, мы уверены, что обмен передовым опытом имеет первостепенное значение и будет продвигать отрасль вперед.

    Today we are sharing our Generation 4 Modular Data Center plan. This is our vision and will be the foundation of our cloud data center infrastructure in the next five years. We believe it is one of the most revolutionary changes to happen to data centers in the last 30 years. Joining me, in writing this blog are Daniel Costello, my director of Data Center Research and Engineering and Christian Belady, principal power and cooling architect. I feel their voices will add significant value to driving understanding around the many benefits included in this new design paradigm.

    Сейчас мы хотим поделиться своим планом модульного дата-центра четвертого поколения. Это наше видение и оно будет основанием для инфраструктуры наших облачных дата-центров в ближайшие пять лет. Мы считаем, что это одно из самых революционных изменений в дата-центрах за последние 30 лет. Вместе со мной в написании этого блога участвовали Дэниел Костелло, директор по исследованиям и инжинирингу дата-центров, и Кристиан Белади, главный архитектор систем энергоснабжения и охлаждения. Мне кажется, что их авторитет придаст больше веса большому количеству преимуществ, включенных в эту новую парадигму проектирования.

    Our “Gen 4” modular data centers will take the flexibility of containerized servers—like those in our Chicago data center—and apply it across the entire facility. So what do we mean by modular? Think of it like “building blocks”, where the data center will be composed of modular units of prefabricated mechanical, electrical, security components, etc., in addition to containerized servers.

    Was there a key driver for the Generation 4 Data Center?

    Наши модульные дата-центры “Gen 4” будут гибкими с контейнерами серверов – как серверы в нашем чикагском дата-центре. И гибкость будет применяться ко всему ЦОД. Итак, что мы подразумеваем под модульностью? Мы думаем о ней как о “строительных блоках”, где дата-центр будет состоять из модульных блоков изготовленных в заводских условиях электрических систем и систем охлаждения, а также систем безопасности и т.п., в дополнение к контейнеризованным серверам.
    Был ли ключевой стимул для разработки дата-центра четвертого поколения?


    If we were to summarize the promise of our Gen 4 design into a single sentence it would be something like this: “A highly modular, scalable, efficient, just-in-time data center capacity program that can be delivered anywhere in the world very quickly and cheaply, while allowing for continued growth as required.” Sounds too good to be true, doesn’t it? Well, keep in mind that these concepts have been in initial development and prototyping for over a year and are based on cumulative knowledge of previous facility generations and the advances we have made since we began our investments in earnest on this new design.

    Если бы нам нужно было обобщить достоинства нашего проекта Gen 4 в одном предложении, это выглядело бы следующим образом: “Центр обработки данных с высоким уровнем модульности, расширяемости, и энергетической эффективности, а также возможностью постоянного расширения, в случае необходимости, который можно очень быстро и дешево развертывать в любом месте мира”. Звучит слишком хорошо для того чтобы быть правдой, не так ли? Ну, не забывайте, что эти концепции находились в процессе начальной разработки и создания опытного образца в течение более одного года и основываются на опыте, накопленном в ходе развития предыдущих поколений ЦОД, а также успехах, сделанных нами со времени, когда мы начали вкладывать серьезные средства в этот новый проект.

    One of the biggest challenges we’ve had at Microsoft is something Mike likes to call the ‘Goldilock’s Problem’. In a nutshell, the problem can be stated as:

    The worst thing we can do in delivering facilities for the business is not have enough capacity online, thus limiting the growth of our products and services.

    Одну из самых больших проблем, с которыми приходилось сталкиваться Майкрософт, Майк любит называть ‘Проблемой Лютика’. Вкратце, эту проблему можно выразить следующим образом:

    Самое худшее, что может быть при строительстве ЦОД для бизнеса, это не располагать достаточными производственными мощностями, и тем самым ограничивать рост наших продуктов и сервисов.

    The second worst thing we can do in delivering facilities for the business is to have too much capacity online.

    А вторым самым худшим моментом в этой сфере может слишком большое количество производственных мощностей.

    This has led to a focus on smart, intelligent growth for the business — refining our overall demand picture. It can’t be too hot. It can’t be too cold. It has to be ‘Just Right!’ The capital dollars of investment are too large to make without long term planning. As we struggled to master these interesting challenges, we had to ensure that our technological plan also included solutions for the business and operational challenges we faced as well.
    So let’s take a high level look at our Generation 4 design

    Это заставило нас сосредоточиваться на интеллектуальном росте для бизнеса — refining our overall demand picture. Это не должно быть слишком горячим. И это не должно быть слишком холодным. Это должно быть ‘как раз, таким как надо!’ Нельзя делать такие большие капиталовложения без долгосрочного планирования. Пока мы старались решить эти интересные проблемы, мы должны были гарантировать, что наш технологический план будет также включать решения для коммерческих и эксплуатационных проблем, с которыми нам также приходилось сталкиваться.
    Давайте рассмотрим наш проект дата-центра четвертого поколения

    Are you ready for some great visuals? Check out this video at Soapbox. Click here for the Microsoft 4th Gen Video.

    It’s a concept video that came out of my Data Center Research and Engineering team, under Daniel Costello, that will give you a view into what we think is the future.

    From a configuration, construct-ability and time to market perspective, our primary goals and objectives are to modularize the whole data center. Not just the server side (like the Chicago facility), but the mechanical and electrical space as well. This means using the same kind of parts in pre-manufactured modules, the ability to use containers, skids, or rack-based deployments and the ability to tailor the Redundancy and Reliability requirements to the application at a very specific level.


    Посмотрите это видео, перейдите по ссылке для просмотра видео о Microsoft 4th Gen:

    Это концептуальное видео, созданное командой отдела Data Center Research and Engineering, возглавляемого Дэниелом Костелло, которое даст вам наше представление о будущем.

    С точки зрения конфигурации, строительной технологичности и времени вывода на рынок, нашими главными целями и задачами агрегатирование всего дата-центра. Не только серверную часть, как дата-центр в Чикаго, но также системы охлаждения и электрические системы. Это означает применение деталей одного типа в сборных модулях, возможность использования контейнеров, салазок, или стоечных систем, а также возможность подстраивать требования избыточности и надежности для данного приложения на очень специфичном уровне.

    Our goals from a cost perspective were simple in concept but tough to deliver. First and foremost, we had to reduce the capital cost per critical Mega Watt by the class of use. Some applications can run with N-level redundancy in the infrastructure, others require a little more infrastructure for support. These different classes of infrastructure requirements meant that optimizing for all cost classes was paramount. At Microsoft, we are not a one trick pony and have many Online products and services (240+) that require different levels of operational support. We understand that and ensured that we addressed it in our design which will allow us to reduce capital costs by 20%-40% or greater depending upon class.


    Нашими целями в области затрат были концептуально простыми, но трудно реализуемыми. В первую очередь мы должны были снизить капитальные затраты в пересчете на один мегаватт, в зависимости от класса резервирования. Некоторые приложения могут вполне работать на базе инфраструктуры с резервированием на уровне N, то есть без резервирования, а для работы других приложений требуется больше инфраструктуры. Эти разные классы требований инфраструктуры подразумевали, что оптимизация всех классов затрат имеет преобладающее значение. В Майкрософт мы не ограничиваемся одним решением и располагаем большим количеством интерактивных продуктов и сервисов (240+), которым требуются разные уровни эксплуатационной поддержки. Мы понимаем это, и учитываем это в своем проекте, который позволит нам сокращать капитальные затраты на 20%-40% или более в зависимости от класса.

    For example, non-critical or geo redundant applications have low hardware reliability requirements on a location basis. As a result, Gen 4 can be configured to provide stripped down, low-cost infrastructure with little or no redundancy and/or temperature control. Let’s say an Online service team decides that due to the dramatically lower cost, they will simply use uncontrolled outside air with temperatures ranging 10-35 C and 20-80% RH. The reality is we are already spec-ing this for all of our servers today and working with server vendors to broaden that range even further as Gen 4 becomes a reality. For this class of infrastructure, we eliminate generators, chillers, UPSs, and possibly lower costs relative to traditional infrastructure.

    Например, некритичные или гео-избыточные системы имеют низкие требования к аппаратной надежности на основе местоположения. В результате этого, Gen 4 можно конфигурировать для упрощенной, недорогой инфраструктуры с низким уровнем (или вообще без резервирования) резервирования и / или температурного контроля. Скажем, команда интерактивного сервиса решает, что, в связи с намного меньшими затратами, они будут просто использовать некондиционированный наружный воздух с температурой 10-35°C и влажностью 20-80% RH. В реальности мы уже сегодня предъявляем эти требования к своим серверам и работаем с поставщиками серверов над еще большим расширением диапазона температур, так как наш модуль и подход Gen 4 становится реальностью. Для подобного класса инфраструктуры мы удаляем генераторы, чиллеры, ИБП, и, возможно, будем предлагать более низкие затраты, по сравнению с традиционной инфраструктурой.

    Applications that demand higher level of redundancy or temperature control will use configurations of Gen 4 to meet those needs, however, they will also cost more (but still less than traditional data centers). We see this cost difference driving engineering behavioral change in that we predict more applications will drive towards Geo redundancy to lower costs.

    Системы, которым требуется более высокий уровень резервирования или температурного контроля, будут использовать конфигурации Gen 4, отвечающие этим требованиям, однако, они будут также стоить больше. Но все равно они будут стоить меньше, чем традиционные дата-центры. Мы предвидим, что эти различия в затратах будут вызывать изменения в методах инжиниринга, и по нашим прогнозам, это будет выражаться в переходе все большего числа систем на гео-избыточность и меньшие затраты.

    Another cool thing about Gen 4 is that it allows us to deploy capacity when our demand dictates it. Once finalized, we will no longer need to make large upfront investments. Imagine driving capital costs more closely in-line with actual demand, thus greatly reducing time-to-market and adding the capacity Online inherent in the design. Also reduced is the amount of construction labor required to put these “building blocks” together. Since the entire platform requires pre-manufacture of its core components, on-site construction costs are lowered. This allows us to maximize our return on invested capital.

    Еще одно достоинство Gen 4 состоит в том, что он позволяет нам разворачивать дополнительные мощности, когда нам это необходимо. Как только мы закончим проект, нам больше не нужно будет делать большие начальные капиталовложения. Представьте себе возможность более точного согласования капитальных затрат с реальными требованиями, и тем самым значительного снижения времени вывода на рынок и интерактивного добавления мощностей, предусматриваемого проектом. Также снижен объем строительных работ, требуемых для сборки этих “строительных блоков”. Поскольку вся платформа требует предварительного изготовления ее базовых компонентов, затраты на сборку также снижены. Это позволит нам увеличить до максимума окупаемость своих капиталовложений.
    Мы все подвергаем сомнению

    In our design process, we questioned everything. You may notice there is no roof and some might be uncomfortable with this. We explored the need of one and throughout our research we got some surprising (positive) results that showed one wasn’t needed.

    В своем процессе проектирования мы все подвергаем сомнению. Вы, наверное, обратили внимание на отсутствие крыши, и некоторым специалистам это могло не понравиться. Мы изучили необходимость в крыше и в ходе своих исследований получили удивительные результаты, которые показали, что крыша не нужна.
    Серийное производство дата центров


    In short, we are striving to bring Henry Ford’s Model T factory to the data center. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Ford#Model_T. Gen 4 will move data centers from a custom design and build model to a commoditized manufacturing approach. We intend to have our components built in factories and then assemble them in one location (the data center site) very quickly. Think about how a computer, car or plane is built today. Components are manufactured by different companies all over the world to a predefined spec and then integrated in one location based on demands and feature requirements. And just like Henry Ford’s assembly line drove the cost of building and the time-to-market down dramatically for the automobile industry, we expect Gen 4 to do the same for data centers. Everything will be pre-manufactured and assembled on the pad.

    Мы хотим применить модель автомобильной фабрики Генри Форда к дата-центру. Проект Gen 4 будет способствовать переходу от модели специализированного проектирования и строительства к товарно-производственному, серийному подходу. Мы намерены изготавливать свои компоненты на заводах, а затем очень быстро собирать их в одном месте, в месте строительства дата-центра. Подумайте о том, как сегодня изготавливается компьютер, автомобиль или самолет. Компоненты изготавливаются по заранее определенным спецификациям разными компаниями во всем мире, затем собираются в одном месте на основе спроса и требуемых характеристик. И точно так же как сборочный конвейер Генри Форда привел к значительному уменьшению затрат на производство и времени вывода на рынок в автомобильной промышленности, мы надеемся, что Gen 4 сделает то же самое для дата-центров. Все будет предварительно изготавливаться и собираться на месте.
    Невероятно энергоэффективный ЦОД


    And did we mention that this platform will be, overall, incredibly energy efficient? From a total energy perspective not only will we have remarkable PUE values, but the total cost of energy going into the facility will be greatly reduced as well. How much energy goes into making concrete? Will we need as much of it? How much energy goes into the fuel of the construction vehicles? This will also be greatly reduced! A key driver is our goal to achieve an average PUE at or below 1.125 by 2012 across our data centers. More than that, we are on a mission to reduce the overall amount of copper and water used in these facilities. We believe these will be the next areas of industry attention when and if the energy problem is solved. So we are asking today…“how can we build a data center with less building”?

    А мы упоминали, что эта платформа будет, в общем, невероятно энергоэффективной? С точки зрения общей энергии, мы получим не только поразительные значения PUE, но общая стоимость энергии, затраченной на объект будет также значительно снижена. Сколько энергии идет на производство бетона? Нам нужно будет столько энергии? Сколько энергии идет на питание инженерных строительных машин? Это тоже будет значительно снижено! Главным стимулом является достижение среднего PUE не больше 1.125 для всех наших дата-центров к 2012 году. Более того, у нас есть задача сокращения общего количества меди и воды в дата-центрах. Мы думаем, что эти задачи станут следующей заботой отрасли после того как будет решена энергетическая проблема. Итак, сегодня мы спрашиваем себя…“как можно построить дата-центр с меньшим объемом строительных работ”?
    Строительство дата центров без чиллеров

    We have talked openly and publicly about building chiller-less data centers and running our facilities using aggressive outside economization. Our sincerest hope is that Gen 4 will completely eliminate the use of water. Today’s data centers use massive amounts of water and we see water as the next scarce resource and have decided to take a proactive stance on making water conservation part of our plan.

    Мы открыто и публично говорили о строительстве дата-центров без чиллеров и активном использовании в наших центрах обработки данных технологий свободного охлаждения или фрикулинга. Мы искренне надеемся, что Gen 4 позволит полностью отказаться от использования воды. Современные дата-центры расходуют большие объемы воды и так как мы считаем воду следующим редким ресурсом, мы решили принять упреждающие меры и включить экономию воды в свой план.

    By sharing this with the industry, we believe everyone can benefit from our methodology. While this concept and approach may be intimidating (or downright frightening) to some in the industry, disclosure ultimately is better for all of us.

    Делясь этим опытом с отраслью, мы считаем, что каждый сможет извлечь выгоду из нашей методологией. Хотя эта концепция и подход могут показаться пугающими (или откровенно страшными) для некоторых отраслевых специалистов, раскрывая свои планы мы, в конечном счете, делаем лучше для всех нас.

    Gen 4 design (even more than just containers), could reduce the ‘religious’ debates in our industry. With the central spine infrastructure in place, containers or pre-manufactured server halls can be either AC or DC, air-side economized or water-side economized, or not economized at all (though the sanity of that might be questioned). Gen 4 will allow us to decommission, repair and upgrade quickly because everything is modular. No longer will we be governed by the initial decisions made when constructing the facility. We will have almost unlimited use and re-use of the facility and site. We will also be able to use power in an ultra-fluid fashion moving load from critical to non-critical as use and capacity requirements dictate.

    Проект Gen 4 позволит уменьшить ‘религиозные’ споры в нашей отрасли. Располагая базовой инфраструктурой, контейнеры или сборные серверные могут оборудоваться системами переменного или постоянного тока, воздушными или водяными экономайзерами, или вообще не использовать экономайзеры. Хотя можно подвергать сомнению разумность такого решения. Gen 4 позволит нам быстро выполнять работы по выводу из эксплуатации, ремонту и модернизации, поскольку все будет модульным. Мы больше не будем руководствоваться начальными решениями, принятыми во время строительства дата-центра. Мы сможем использовать этот дата-центр и инфраструктуру в течение почти неограниченного периода времени. Мы также сможем применять сверхгибкие методы использования электрической энергии, переводя оборудование в режимы критической или некритической нагрузки в соответствии с требуемой мощностью.
    Gen 4 – это стандартная платформа

    Finally, we believe this is a big game changer. Gen 4 will provide a standard platform that our industry can innovate around. For example, all modules in our Gen 4 will have common interfaces clearly defined by our specs and any vendor that meets these specifications will be able to plug into our infrastructure. Whether you are a computer vendor, UPS vendor, generator vendor, etc., you will be able to plug and play into our infrastructure. This means we can also source anyone, anywhere on the globe to minimize costs and maximize performance. We want to help motivate the industry to further innovate—with innovations from which everyone can reap the benefits.

    Наконец, мы уверены, что это будет фактором, который значительно изменит ситуацию. Gen 4 будет представлять собой стандартную платформу, которую отрасль сможет обновлять. Например, все модули в нашем Gen 4 будут иметь общепринятые интерфейсы, четко определяемые нашими спецификациями, и оборудование любого поставщика, которое отвечает этим спецификациям можно будет включать в нашу инфраструктуру. Независимо от того производите вы компьютеры, ИБП, генераторы и т.п., вы сможете включать свое оборудование нашу инфраструктуру. Это означает, что мы также сможем обеспечивать всех, в любом месте земного шара, тем самым сводя до минимума затраты и максимальной увеличивая производительность. Мы хотим создать в отрасли мотивацию для дальнейших инноваций – инноваций, от которых каждый сможет получать выгоду.
    Главные характеристики дата-центров четвертого поколения Gen4

    To summarize, the key characteristics of our Generation 4 data centers are:

    Scalable
    Plug-and-play spine infrastructure
    Factory pre-assembled: Pre-Assembled Containers (PACs) & Pre-Manufactured Buildings (PMBs)
    Rapid deployment
    De-mountable
    Reduce TTM
    Reduced construction
    Sustainable measures

    Ниже приведены главные характеристики дата-центров четвертого поколения Gen 4:

    Расширяемость;
    Готовая к использованию базовая инфраструктура;
    Изготовление в заводских условиях: сборные контейнеры (PAC) и сборные здания (PMB);
    Быстрота развертывания;
    Возможность демонтажа;
    Снижение времени вывода на рынок (TTM);
    Сокращение сроков строительства;
    Экологичность;

    Map applications to DC Class

    We hope you join us on this incredible journey of change and innovation!

    Long hours of research and engineering time are invested into this process. There are still some long days and nights ahead, but the vision is clear. Rest assured however, that we as refine Generation 4, the team will soon be looking to Generation 5 (even if it is a bit farther out). There is always room to get better.


    Использование систем электропитания постоянного тока.

    Мы надеемся, что вы присоединитесь к нам в этом невероятном путешествии по миру изменений и инноваций!

    На этот проект уже потрачены долгие часы исследований и проектирования. И еще предстоит потратить много дней и ночей, но мы имеем четкое представление о конечной цели. Однако будьте уверены, что как только мы доведем до конца проект модульного дата-центра четвертого поколения, мы вскоре начнем думать о проекте дата-центра пятого поколения. Всегда есть возможность для улучшений.

    So if you happen to come across Goldilocks in the forest, and you are curious as to why she is smiling you will know that she feels very good about getting very close to ‘JUST RIGHT’.

    Generations of Evolution – some background on our data center designs

    Так что, если вы встретите в лесу девочку по имени Лютик, и вам станет любопытно, почему она улыбается, вы будете знать, что она очень довольна тем, что очень близко подошла к ‘ОПИМАЛЬНОМУ РЕШЕНИЮ’.
    Поколения эволюции – история развития наших дата-центров

    We thought you might be interested in understanding what happened in the first three generations of our data center designs. When Ray Ozzie wrote his Software plus Services memo it posed a very interesting challenge to us. The winds of change were at ‘tornado’ proportions. That “plus Services” tag had some significant (and unstated) challenges inherent to it. The first was that Microsoft was going to evolve even further into an operations company. While we had been running large scale Internet services since 1995, this development lead us to an entirely new level. Additionally, these “services” would span across both Internet and Enterprise businesses. To those of you who have to operate “stuff”, you know that these are two very different worlds in operational models and challenges. It also meant that, to achieve the same level of reliability and performance required our infrastructure was going to have to scale globally and in a significant way.

    Мы подумали, что может быть вам будет интересно узнать историю первых трех поколений наших центров обработки данных. Когда Рэй Оззи написал свою памятную записку Software plus Services, он поставил перед нами очень интересную задачу. Ветра перемен двигались с ураганной скоростью. Это окончание “plus Services” скрывало в себе какие-то значительные и неопределенные задачи. Первая заключалась в том, что Майкрософт собиралась в еще большей степени стать операционной компанией. Несмотря на то, что мы управляли большими интернет-сервисами, начиная с 1995 г., эта разработка подняла нас на абсолютно новый уровень. Кроме того, эти “сервисы” охватывали интернет-компании и корпорации. Тем, кому приходится всем этим управлять, известно, что есть два очень разных мира в области операционных моделей и задач. Это также означало, что для достижения такого же уровня надежности и производительности требовалось, чтобы наша инфраструктура располагала значительными возможностями расширения в глобальных масштабах.

    It was that intense atmosphere of change that we first started re-evaluating data center technology and processes in general and our ideas began to reach farther than what was accepted by the industry at large. This was the era of Generation 1. As we look at where most of the world’s data centers are today (and where our facilities were), it represented all the known learning and design requirements that had been in place since IBM built the first purpose-built computer room. These facilities focused more around uptime, reliability and redundancy. Big infrastructure was held accountable to solve all potential environmental shortfalls. This is where the majority of infrastructure in the industry still is today.

    Именно в этой атмосфере серьезных изменений мы впервые начали переоценку ЦОД-технологий и технологий вообще, и наши идеи начали выходить за пределы общепринятых в отрасли представлений. Это была эпоха ЦОД первого поколения. Когда мы узнали, где сегодня располагается большинство мировых дата-центров и где находятся наши предприятия, это представляло весь опыт и навыки проектирования, накопленные со времени, когда IBM построила первую серверную. В этих ЦОД больше внимания уделялось бесперебойной работе, надежности и резервированию. Большая инфраструктура была призвана решать все потенциальные экологические проблемы. Сегодня большая часть инфраструктуры все еще находится на этом этапе своего развития.

    We soon realized that traditional data centers were quickly becoming outdated. They were not keeping up with the demands of what was happening technologically and environmentally. That’s when we kicked off our Generation 2 design. Gen 2 facilities started taking into account sustainability, energy efficiency, and really looking at the total cost of energy and operations.

    Очень быстро мы поняли, что стандартные дата-центры очень быстро становятся устаревшими. Они не поспевали за темпами изменений технологических и экологических требований. Именно тогда мы стали разрабатывать ЦОД второго поколения. В этих дата-центрах Gen 2 стали принимать во внимание такие факторы как устойчивое развитие, энергетическая эффективность, а также общие энергетические и эксплуатационные.

    No longer did we view data centers just for the upfront capital costs, but we took a hard look at the facility over the course of its life. Our Quincy, Washington and San Antonio, Texas facilities are examples of our Gen 2 data centers where we explored and implemented new ways to lessen the impact on the environment. These facilities are considered two leading industry examples, based on their energy efficiency and ability to run and operate at new levels of scale and performance by leveraging clean hydro power (Quincy) and recycled waste water (San Antonio) to cool the facility during peak cooling months.

    Мы больше не рассматривали дата-центры только с точки зрения начальных капитальных затрат, а внимательно следили за работой ЦОД на протяжении его срока службы. Наши объекты в Куинси, Вашингтоне, и Сан-Антонио, Техас, являются образцами наших ЦОД второго поколения, в которых мы изучали и применяли на практике новые способы снижения воздействия на окружающую среду. Эти объекты считаются двумя ведущими отраслевыми примерами, исходя из их энергетической эффективности и способности работать на новых уровнях производительности, основанных на использовании чистой энергии воды (Куинси) и рециклирования отработанной воды (Сан-Антонио) для охлаждения объекта в самых жарких месяцах.

    As we were delivering our Gen 2 facilities into steel and concrete, our Generation 3 facilities were rapidly driving the evolution of the program. The key concepts for our Gen 3 design are increased modularity and greater concentration around energy efficiency and scale. The Gen 3 facility will be best represented by the Chicago, Illinois facility currently under construction. This facility will seem very foreign compared to the traditional data center concepts most of the industry is comfortable with. In fact, if you ever sit around in our container hanger in Chicago it will look incredibly different from a traditional raised-floor data center. We anticipate this modularization will drive huge efficiencies in terms of cost and operations for our business. We will also introduce significant changes in the environmental systems used to run our facilities. These concepts and processes (where applicable) will help us gain even greater efficiencies in our existing footprint, allowing us to further maximize infrastructure investments.

    Так как наши ЦОД второго поколения строились из стали и бетона, наши центры обработки данных третьего поколения начали их быстро вытеснять. Главными концептуальными особенностями ЦОД третьего поколения Gen 3 являются повышенная модульность и большее внимание к энергетической эффективности и масштабированию. Дата-центры третьего поколения лучше всего представлены объектом, который в настоящее время строится в Чикаго, Иллинойс. Этот ЦОД будет выглядеть очень необычно, по сравнению с общепринятыми в отрасли представлениями о дата-центре. Действительно, если вам когда-либо удастся побывать в нашем контейнерном ангаре в Чикаго, он покажется вам совершенно непохожим на обычный дата-центр с фальшполом. Мы предполагаем, что этот модульный подход будет способствовать значительному повышению эффективности нашего бизнеса в отношении затрат и операций. Мы также внесем существенные изменения в климатические системы, используемые в наших ЦОД. Эти концепции и технологии, если применимо, позволят нам добиться еще большей эффективности наших существующих дата-центров, и тем самым еще больше увеличивать капиталовложения в инфраструктуру.

    This is definitely a journey, not a destination industry. In fact, our Generation 4 design has been under heavy engineering for viability and cost for over a year. While the demand of our commercial growth required us to make investments as we grew, we treated each step in the learning as a process for further innovation in data centers. The design for our future Gen 4 facilities enabled us to make visionary advances that addressed the challenges of building, running, and operating facilities all in one concerted effort.

    Это определенно путешествие, а не конечный пункт назначения. На самом деле, наш проект ЦОД четвертого поколения подвергался серьезным испытаниям на жизнеспособность и затраты на протяжении целого года. Хотя необходимость в коммерческом росте требовала от нас постоянных капиталовложений, мы рассматривали каждый этап своего развития как шаг к будущим инновациям в области дата-центров. Проект наших будущих ЦОД четвертого поколения Gen 4 позволил нам делать фантастические предположения, которые касались задач строительства, управления и эксплуатации объектов как единого упорядоченного процесса.


    Тематики

    Синонимы

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    Англо-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > modular data center

  • 6 get

    get
    This much-used verb has no multi-purpose equivalent in French and therefore is very often translated by choosing a synonym: to get lunch = to prepare lunch = préparer le déjeuner. get is used in many idiomatic expressions ( to get something off one's chest etc) and translations will be found in the appropriate entry (chest etc). This is also true of offensive comments ( get stuffed etc) where the appropriate entry would be stuff. Remember that when get is used to express the idea that a job is done not by you but by somebody else ( to get a room painted etc) faire is used in French followed by an infinitive ( faire repeindre une pièce etc). When get has the meaning of become and is followed by an adjective (to get rich/drunk etc) devenir is sometimes useful but check the appropriate entry (rich, drunk etc) as a single verb often suffices ( s'enrichir, s'enivrer etc). For examples and further uses of get see the entry below.
    A vtr ( p prés - tt- ; prét got ; pp got, gotten US)
    1 ( receive) recevoir [letter, school report, grant] ; recevoir, percevoir [salary, pension] ; TV, Radio capter [channel, programme] ; did you get much for it? est-ce que tu en as tiré beaucoup d'argent? ; what did you get for your car? combien as-tu revendu ta voiture? ; we get a lot of rain il pleut beaucoup ici ; our garden gets a lot of sun notre jardin est bien ensoleillé ; we get a lot of tourists nous avons beaucoup de touristes ; you get lots of attachments with this cleaner il y a beaucoup d'accessoires fournis avec cet aspirateur ; you get what you pay for il faut y mettre le prix ; he's getting help with his science il se fait aider en sciences ;
    2 ( inherit) to get sth from sb lit hériter qch de qn [article, money] ; fig tenir qch de qn [trait, feature] ;
    3 ( obtain) ( by applying) obtenir [permission, divorce, custody, licence] ; trouver [job] ; ( by contacting) trouver [plumber, accountant] ; appeler [taxi] ; ( by buying) acheter [food item, clothing] (from chez) ; avoir [theatre seat, ticket] ; to get something for nothing/at a discount avoir qch gratuitement/avec une réduction ; to get sb sth, to get sth for sb ( by buying) acheter qch à qn ; I'll get sth to eat at the airport je mangerai qch à l'aéroport ;
    4 ( subscribe to) acheter [newspaper] ;
    5 ( acquire) se faire [reputation] ; he got his money in oil il s'est fait de l'argent dans le pétrole ;
    6 ( achieve) obtenir [grade, mark, answer] ; he got it right ( of calculation) il a obtenu le bon résultat ; ( of answer) il a répondu juste ; how many do I need to get? ( when scoring) il me faut combien? ; he's got four more points to get il faut encore qu'il obtienne quatre points ;
    7 ( fetch) chercher [object, person, help] ; go and get a chair/Mr Matthews va chercher une chaise/M. Matthews ; to get sb sth, to get sth for sb aller chercher qch pour qn ; get her a chair va lui chercher une chaise ; can I get you your coat? est-ce que je peux vous apporter votre manteau? ;
    8 (manoeuvre, move) to get sb/sth upstairs/downstairs faire monter/descendre qn/qch ; a car to me is just something to get me from A to B pour moi une voiture ne sert qu'à aller de A à B ; I'll get them there somehow je les ferai parvenir d'une façon ou d'une autre ; can you get between the truck and the wall? est-ce que tu peux te glisser entre le camion et le mur? ;
    9 ( help progress) is this discussion getting us anywhere? est-ce que cette discussion est bien utile? ; I listened to him and where has it got me? je l'ai écouté mais à quoi ça m'a avancé? ; this is getting us nowhere ça ne nous avance à rien ; where will that get you? à quoi ça t'avancera? ;
    10 ( contact) did you manage to get Harry on the phone? tu as réussi à avoir Harry au téléphone? ;
    11 ( deal with) I'll get it ( of phone) je réponds ; ( of doorbell) j'y vais ;
    12 ( prepare) préparer [breakfast, lunch etc] ;
    13 ( take hold of) attraper [person] (by à) ; I've got you, don't worry je te tiens, ne t'inquiète pas ; to get sth from ou off prendre qch sur [shelf, table] ; to get sth from ou out of prendre qch dans [drawer, cupboard] ;
    14 ( oblige to give) to get sth from ou out of sb faire sortir qch à qn [money] ; fig obtenir qch de qn [truth] ;
    15 ( catch) gen arrêter [escapee] ; got you! gen je t'ai eu! ; ( caught in act) vu! ; a shark got him un requin l'a eu ; when I get you, you won't find it so funny quand tu auras affaire à moi, tu trouveras ça moins drôle ;
    16 Med attraper [disease] ; he got the measles from his sister sa sœur lui a passé la rougeole ;
    17 ( use as transport) prendre [bus, train] ;
    18 ( have) to have got avoir [object, money, friend etc] ; I've got a headache/bad back j'ai mal à la tête/au dos ;
    19 ( start to have) to get (hold of) the idea ou impression that se mettre dans la tête que ;
    20 ( suffer) to get a surprise être surpris ; to get a shock avoir un choc ; to get a bang on the head recevoir un coup sur la tête ;
    21 ( be given as punishment) prendre [five years etc] ; avoir [fine] ; to get (a) detention être collé ;
    22 ( hit) to get sb/sth with toucher qn/qch avec [stone, arrow, ball] ; got it! ( of target) touché! ; the arrow got him in the heel la flèche l'a touché au talon ;
    23 (understand, hear) comprendre ; I didn't get what you said/his last name je n'ai pas compris ce que tu as dit/son nom de famille ; did you get it? tu as compris? ; now let me get this right… alors si je comprends bien… ; ‘where did you hear that?’-‘I got it from Paul’ ‘où est-ce que tu as entendu ça?’-‘c'est Paul qui me l'a dit’ ; get this! he was arrested this morning tiens-toi bien! il a été arrêté ce matin ;
    24 (annoy, affect) what gets me is… ce qui m'agace c'est que… ; what really got me was… ce que je n'aimais pas c'était… ;
    25 (learn, learn of) to get to do finir par faire ; to get to like sb finir par apprécier qn ; how did you get to know ou hear of our organization? comment avez-vous entendu parler de notre organisation? ; we got to know them last year on a fait leur connaissance l'année dernière ;
    26 ( have opportunity) to get to do avoir l'occasion de faire ; do you get to use the computer? est-ce que tu as l'occasion d'utiliser l'ordinateur? ; it's not fair, I never get to drive the tractor ce n'est pas juste, on ne me laisse jamais conduire le tracteur ; when do we get to eat the cake? quand est-ce qu'on va pouvoir manger le gâteau? ;
    27 ( start) to get (to be) commencer à devenir ; he's getting to be proficient ou an expert il commence à devenir expert ; it got to be quite unpleasant ça a commencé à devenir plutôt désagréable ; he's getting to be a big boy now c'est un grand garçon maintenant ; to get to doing commencer à faire ; we got to talking/dreaming about the holidays on a commencé à parler/rêver des vacances ; then I got to thinking that puis je me suis dit que ; we'll have to get going il va falloir y aller ;
    28 ( must) to have got to do devoir faire [homework, chore] ; it's got to be done il faut le faire ; you've got to realize that il faut que tu te rendes compte que ; if I've got to go, I will s'il faut que j'y aille, j'irai ; there's got to be a reason il doit y avoir une raison ;
    29 ( persuade) to get sb to do demander à qn de faire ; I got her to talk about her problems j'ai réussi à la faire parler de ses problèmes ; did you get anything out of her? est-ce que tu as réussi à la faire parler? ;
    30 ( have somebody do) to get sth done faire faire qch ; to get the car repaired/valeted faire réparer/nettoyer la voiture ; to get one's hair cut se faire couper les cheveux ; how do you ever get anything done? comment est-ce que tu arrives à travailler? ;
    31 ( cause) to get the car going faire démarrer la voiture ; to get the dishes washed faire la vaisselle ; this won't get the dishes washed! la vaisselle ne se fera pas toute seule! ; to get sb pregnant mettre qn enceinte ; as hot/cold as you can get it aussi chaud/froid que possible ; to get one's socks wet mouiller ses chaussettes ; to get one's finger trapped se coincer le doigt.
    B vi ( p prés - tt- ; prét got ; pp got, gotten US)
    1 ( become) devenir [suspicious, rich, old] ; how lucky/stupid can you get! il y en a qui ont de la chance/qui sont vraiment stupides! ; it's getting late il se fait tard ; how did he get like that? comment est-ce qu'il en est arrivé là? ;
    2 ( forming passive) to get (oneself) killed/trapped se faire tuer/coincer ; to get hurt être blessé ;
    3 ( become involved in) to get into ( as hobby) se mettre à [astrology etc] ; ( as job) commencer dans [teaching, publishing] ; fig to get into a fight se battre ;
    4 ( arrive) to get there arriver ; to get to the airport/Switzerland arriver à l'aéroport/en Suisse ; to get (up) to the top ( of hill etc) arriver au sommet ; how did your coat get here? comment est-ce que ton manteau est arrivé là? ; how did you get here? ( by what miracle) comment est-ce que tu es arrivé là? ; ( by what means) comment est-ce que tu es venu? ; where did you get to? où est-ce que tu étais passé? ; we've got to page 5 nous en sommes à la page 5 ;
    5 ( progress) it got to 7 o'clock il était plus de 7 heures ; I'd got as far as underlining the title j'en étais à souligner le titre ; I'm getting nowhere with this essay je n'avance pas dans ma dissertation ; are you getting anywhere with your investigation? est-ce que votre enquête avance? ; now we're getting somewhere ( making progress) on avance vraiment ; ( receiving fresh lead) voilà quelque chose d'intéressant ; it's a slow process but we're getting there c'est un processus lent, mais on avance ; it's not perfect yet but we're getting there ce n'est pas encore parfait mais on avance ;
    6 ( put on) to get into mettre [pyjamas, overalls].
    get ! fiche-moi le camp ! ; get along with you ! ne sois pas ridicule! ; get away with you ! arrête de raconter n'importe quoi ! ; get her ! regarde-moi ça! ; get him in that hat! regarde-le avec ce chapeau! ; he got his ( was killed) il a cassé sa pipe ; I'll get you for that je vais te le faire payer ; I'm getting there je progresse ; it gets me right here! tu vas me faire pleurer! ; I've/he's got it bad je suis/il est vraiment mordu ; I've got it je sais ; to get above oneself commencer à avoir la grosse tête ; to get it together se ressaisir ; to get it up bander , avoir une érection ; to get one's in US prendre sa revanche ; to tell sb where to get off envoyer qn promener ; to get with it se mettre dans le coup ; what's got into her/them? qu'est-ce qui lui/leur a pris? ; where does he get off ? pour qui se prend-il? ; you've got me there! alors là tu me poses une colle !
    1 ( manage to move) se déplacer (by doing en faisant) ; she doesn't get about very well now elle a du mal à se déplacer maintenant ;
    2 ( travel) voyager, se déplacer ; do you get about much in your job? vous voyagez beaucoup pour votre travail? ; he gets about a bit ( travels) il voyage pas mal ; ( knows people) il connaît du monde ;
    3 ( be spread) [news] se répandre ; [rumour] courir, se répandre ; it got about that la nouvelle s'est répandue que, le bruit a couru que.
    1 ( pass to other side) traverser ;
    2 ( be communicated) [message] passer ;
    get across [sth] ( cross) traverser [river, road etc] ;
    get [sth] across
    1 ( transport) how will we get it across? (over stream, gap etc) comment est-ce qu'on le/la fera passer de l'autre côté? ; I'll get a copy across to you (in separate office, building etc) je vous en ferai parvenir un exemplaire ;
    2 ( communicate) faire passer [message, meaning] (to à) ;
    get across [sb] US ( annoy) se mettre [qn] à dos [person].
    1 ( make progress) [person] progresser ; to get ahead of prendre de l'avance sur [competitor] ;
    1 ( progress) how's the project getting along? comment est-ce que le projet se présente? ; how are you getting along? ( in job) comment ça se passe? ; ( to sick or old person) comment ça va? ; ( in school subject) comment est-ce que ça se passe? ;
    2 ( cope) s'en sortir ; we can't get along without a computer/him on ne s'en sortira pas sans ordinateur/lui ;
    3 ( be suited as friends) bien s'entendre (with avec) ;
    4 (go) I must be getting along il faut que j'y aille.
    1 (move, spread) = get about ;
    2 to get around to doing: she'll get around to visiting us eventually elle va bien finir par venir nous voir ; I must get around to reading his article il faut vraiment que je lise son article ; I haven't got around to it yet je n'ai pas encore eu le temps de m'en occuper ;
    get around [sth] ( circumvent) contourner [problem, law] ; there's no getting around it il n'y a rien à faire.
    get at :
    get at [sb /sth]
    1 ( reach) atteindre [object] ; arriver jusqu'à [person] ; fig découvrir [truth] ; let me get at her ( in anger) laissez-moi lui régler son compte ;
    2 ( spoil) the ants have got at the sugar les fourmis ont attaqué le sucre ;
    3 ( criticize) être après [person] ;
    4 ( intimidate) intimider [witness] ;
    5 ( insinuate) what are you getting at? où est-ce que tu veux en venir?
    get away:
    1 ( leave) partir ;
    2 ( escape) [person] s'échapper ; the fish got away le poisson s'est échappé ;
    3 fig ( escape unpunished) to get away with a crime échapper à la justice ; you'll never get away with it! tu ne vas pas t'en tirer comme ça! ; he mustn't be allowed to get away with it il ne faut pas qu'il s'en tire à si bon compte ; she can get away with bright colours elle peut se permettre de porter des couleurs vives ;
    get [sb/sth] away ( for break) emmener [qn] se changer les idées ; to get sb away from a bad influence tenir qn à l'écart d'une mauvaise influence ; to get sth away from sb retirer qch à qn [weapon, dangerous object].
    get away from [sth]
    1 ( leave) quitter [town] ; I must get away from here ou this place! il faut que je parte d'ici! ; ‘get away from it all’ ( in advert) ‘évadez-vous de votre quotidien’ ;
    2 fig ( deny) nier [fact] ; there's no getting away from it on ne peut pas le nier ;
    3 fig ( leave behind) abandonner [practice, method] ;
    get away from [sb] lit, fig échapper à.
    get back:
    1 ( return) gen rentrer ; ( after short time) revenir ; when we get back à notre retour ;
    2 ( move backwards) reculer ; get back! reculez! ;
    3 ( take revenge) to get back at se venger de [aggressor] ;
    get back to [sth]
    1 ( return to) rentrer à [house, city] ; revenir à [office, centre, point] ; we got back to Belgium nous sommes rentrés en Belgique ; when we get back to London à notre retour à Londres ;
    2 ( return to former condition) revenir à [teaching, publishing] ; to get back to sleep se rendormir ; to get back to normal redevenir normal ;
    3 ( return to earlier stage) revenir à [main topic, former point] ; to get back to your problem,… pour en revenir à votre problème,… ;
    get back to [sb]
    1 ( return to) revenir à [group, person] ;
    2 ( on telephone) I'll get right back to you je vous rappelle tout de suite ;
    get [sb/sth] back
    1 ( return) ( personally) ramener [object, person] ; ( by post etc) renvoyer ; Sport ( in tennis etc) renvoyer [ball] ; when they got him back to his cell quand ils l'ont ramené dans sa cellule ;
    2 ( regain) récupérer [lost object, loaned item] ; fig reprendre [strength] ; she got her money back elle a été remboursée ; she got her old job back on lui a redonné son travail ; he got his girlfriend back il s'est remis avec sa petite amie .
    get behind ( delayed) prendre du retard ;
    get behind [sth] se mettre derrière [hedge, sofa etc].
    get by
    1 ( pass) passer ;
    2 ( survive) se débrouiller (on, with avec) ; we'll never get by without him/them nous ne nous en sortirons jamais sans lui/eux.
    get down:
    1 ( descend) descendre (from, out of de) ;
    2 ( leave table) quitter la table ;
    3 ( lower oneself) ( to floor) se coucher ; ( to crouching position) se baisser ; to get down on one's knees s'agenouiller ; to get down to ( descend to reach) arriver à [lower level etc] ; atteindre [trapped person etc] ; ( apply oneself to) se mettre à [work] ; to get down to the pupils' level fig se mettre à la portée des élèves ; let's get down to business parlons affaires ; when you get right down to it quand on regarde d'un peu plus près ; to get down to doing se mettre à faire ;
    get down [sth] descendre [slope] ; if we get down the mountain alive si nous arrivons vivants en bas de la montagne ; when we got down the hill quand nous nous sommes retrouvés en bas de la colline ;
    get [sth] down, get down [sth]
    1 ( from height) descendre [book, jar etc] ;
    2 ( swallow) avaler [medicine, pill] ;
    3 ( record) noter [speech, dictation] ;
    get [sb] down
    1 ( from height) faire descendre [person] ;
    2 ( depress) déprimer [person].
    get in:
    get in
    1 lit ( to building) entrer ; ( to vehicle) monter ;
    2 fig ( participate) to get in on réussir à s'introduire dans [project, scheme] ; to get in on the deal faire partie du coup ;
    3 ( return home) rentrer ;
    4 ( arrive at destination) [train, coach] arriver ;
    5 ( penetrate) [water, sunlight] pénétrer ;
    6 Pol [Labour, Tories etc] passer ; [candidate] être élu ;
    7 Sch, Univ [applicant] être admis ;
    8 ( associate) to get in with se mettre bien avec [person] ; he's got in with a bad crowd il traîne avec des gens peu recommandables ;
    get [sth] in, get in [sth]
    1 ( buy in) acheter [supplies] ;
    2 ( fit into space) I can't get the drawer in je n'arrive pas à faire rentrer le tiroir ;
    3 Agric ( harvest) rentrer [crop] ;
    4 Hort ( plant) planter [bulbs etc] ;
    5 (deliver, hand in) rendre [essay, competition entry] ;
    6 ( include) (in article, book) placer [section, remark, anecdote] ; he got in a few punches il a distribué quelques coups ;
    7 ( fit into schedule) faire [tennis, golf] ; I'll try to get in a bit of tennis j'essayerai de faire un peu de tennis ;
    get [sb] in faire entrer [person].
    get into:
    get into [sth]
    1 ( enter) entrer dans [building] ; monter dans [vehicle] ;
    2 ( be admitted) ( as member) devenir membre de [club] ; ( as student) être admis à [school, university] ; I didn't know what I was getting into fig je ne savais pas dans quoi je m'embarquais ;
    3 ( squeeze into) rentrer dans [garment, size] ; ⇒ debt, habit, trouble ;
    get [sb/sth] into faire entrer [qn/qch] dans [good school, building, room, space].
    get off:
    get off
    1 ( from bus etc) descendre (at à) ;
    2 ( start on journey) partir ;
    3 ( leave work) finir ;
    4 ( escape punishment) s'en tirer (with avec) ;
    5 to get off to partir pour [destination] ; did they get off to school OK? est-ce qu'ils sont partis sans problèmes pour l'école? ; ( make headway) to get off to a good/poor start prendre un bon/mauvais départ ; to get off to sleep s'endormir ; to get off on doing péj ( get buzz from) prendre plaisir à faire ; to get off with, GB rencontrer, ramasser pej [person] ;
    get off [sth]
    1 ( climb down from) descendre de [wall, ledge] ;
    2 ( alight from) descendre de [bus etc] ;
    3 ( remove oneself from) get off my nice clean floor/the grass ne marche pas sur mon sol tout propre/la pelouse ;
    4 fig ( depart from) s'écarter de [subject] ;
    get off [sb] ( leave hold) get off me! lâche-moi! ;
    get [sb/sth] off
    1 ( lift down) descendre [object] ; faire descendre [person] ;
    2 ( dispatch) envoyer [parcel, letter, person] ; I've got the children off to school j'ai envoyé les enfants à l'école ;
    3 ( remove) enlever [stain] ;
    4 ( send to sleep) endormir [baby].
    get on:
    get on
    1 ( climb aboard) monter (at à) ;
    2 ( work) get on a bit faster/more sensibly travaille un peu plus vite/plus sérieusement ;
    3 ( continue with work) let's get on! continuons! ;
    4 GB ( like each other) bien s'entendre ;
    5 ( fare) how did you get on? comment est-ce que ça s'est passé? ;
    6 ( cope) how are you getting on? comment est-ce que tu t'en sors? ;
    7 GB ( approach) he's getting on for 40 il approche des quarante ans ; it's getting on for midnight il est presque minuit ; there are getting on for 80 people il y a presque 80 personnes ;
    8 ( grow late) time's getting on le temps passe ;
    9 ( grow old) to be getting on a bit commencer à vieillir ;
    get on [sth] ( board) monter dans [vehicle] ;
    get [sth] on, get on [sth] ( put on) mettre [boots, clothing] ; monter [tyre] ; mettre [lid, tap washer etc].
    get onto:
    get onto [sth]
    1 ( board) monter dans [vehicle] ;
    2 ( be appointed) être nommé à [Board] ;
    3 ( start to discuss) arriver à parler de [topic, subject] ;
    4 GB ( contact) contacter ; I'll get on to the authorities je contacterai les autorités.
    get on with [sth] ( continue to do) to get on with one's work/with preparing the meal continuer à travailler/à préparer le repas ; let's get on with the job! au travail! ;
    get on with [sb] GB s'entendre avec [person].
    get out:
    get out
    1 ( exit) sortir (through, by par) ; get out and don't come back! va-t'en et ne reviens pas! ; they'll never get out alive ils ne s'en sortiront jamais vivants ;
    2 ( make social outing) sortir ; you should get out more tu devrais sortir plus ;
    3 (resign, leave) partir ;
    4 ( alight) descendre ;
    5 ( be let out) [prisoner] être libéré ; he gets out on the 8th il sera libéré le 8 ;
    6 ( leak) [news] être révélé ;
    get [sth] out, get out [sth]
    1 ( bring out) sortir [handkerchief, ID card] ;
    2 ( extract) retirer [cork, stuck object] ; extraire [tooth] ;
    3 ( erase) enlever [stain] ;
    4 ( take on loan) emprunter [library book] ;
    5 ( produce) sortir [plans, product] ;
    6 ( utter) I couldn't get the words out les mots ne voulaient pas sortir ;
    7 ( solve) faire [puzzle] ;
    get [sb] out ( release) faire libérer [prisoner] ; to get sb out of sth ( free from detention) ( personally) libérer qn de qch ; ( by persuasion) faire libérer qn de qch [prisoner] ; to get sth out of sth ( bring out) sortir qch de qch [handkerchief etc] ; ( find and remove) récupérer qch dans qch [required object, stuck object] ; I can't get it out of my mind je ne peux pas l'effacer de mon esprit.
    get out of [sth]
    1 ( exit from) sortir de [building, bed] ;
    2 ( alight from) descendre de [vehicle] ;
    3 ( leave at end of) sortir de [meeting] ;
    4 ( be freed from) être libéré de [prison] ;
    5 ( withdraw from) quitter [organization] ; échapper à [responsibilities] ; he's got out of oil ( as investment) il a vendu toutes ses actions dans le pétrole ;
    6 ( avoid doing) s'arranger pour ne pas aller à [appointment, meeting] ; I'll try to get out of it j'essaierai de me libérer ; I accepted the invitation and now I can't get out of it j'ai accepté l'invitation et maintenant je ne peux pas me défiler ; to get out of doing s'arranger pour ne pas faire ;
    7 ( no longer do) perdre [habit] ;
    8 ( gain from) what do you get out of your job? qu'est-ce que ton travail t'apporte? ; what will you get out of it? qu'est-ce que vous en retirerez?
    get over:
    get over ( cross) passer ;
    get over [sth]
    1 ( cross) traverser [bridge, stream] ;
    2 ( recover from) se remettre de [illness, shock] ; to get over the fact that se remettre du fait que ; I can't get over it ( in amazement) je n'en reviens pas ; I couldn't get over how she looked ça m'a fait un choc de la voir comme ça ; I can't get over how you've grown je n'en reviens pas de ce que tu as grandi ;
    3 ( surmount) surmonter [problem] ; to get sth over with en finir avec qch ; let's get it over with finissons-en ;
    4 ( stop loving) oublier ; she never got over him elle ne l'a jamais oublié ;
    get [sb/sth] over
    1 ( cause to cross) faire passer [injured person, object] ; faire passer [qn/ qch] au-dessus de [bridge, wall etc] ;
    2 ( cause to arrive) get the plumber over here at once faites venir tout de suite le plombier ;
    3 ( communicate) faire passer [message].
    get round GB:
    get round [sth] = get around [sth] ;
    get round [sb] persuader [qn], avoir [qn] au sentiment ; can't you get round him? est-ce que tu ne peux pas le persuader? ; she easily gets round her father elle fait tout ce qu'elle veut de son père.
    1 ( squeeze through) passer ;
    2 Telecom to get through to sb avoir qn au téléphone ; I couldn't get through je n'ai pas réussi à l'avoir ;
    3 to get through to ( communicate with) convaincre [person] ;
    4 ( arrive) [news, supplies] arriver ;
    5 ( survive) s'en sortir (by doing en faisant) ;
    6 Sch, Univ [examinee] réussir ;
    get through [sth]
    1 ( make way through) traverser [checkpoint, mud] ;
    2 ( reach end of) terminer [book, revision] ; finir [meal, task] ; [actor] finir [performance] ;
    3 ( survive mentally) I thought I'd never get through the week j'ai cru que je ne tiendrais pas la semaine ;
    4 ( complete successfully) [candidate, competitor] réussir à [exam, qualifying round] ; I got through the interview l'entretien s'est bien passé ;
    5 (consume, use) manger [supply of food] ; boire [supply of drink] ; dépenser [money] ; I get through two notebooks a week il me faut or j'use deux carnets par semaine ;
    get [sb/sth] through
    1 ( squeeze through) faire passer [car, object, person] ;
    2 ( help to endure) [pills, encouragement, strength of character] aider [qn] à continuer ; her advice/these pills got me through the day ses conseils/ces comprimés m'ont aidé à tenir le coup ;
    3 ( help through frontier etc) faire passer [person, imported goods] ;
    4 Sch, Univ ( help to pass) permettre à [qn] de réussir [candidate] ;
    5 Pol faire passer [bill].
    get together ( assemble) se réunir (about, over pour discuter de) ;
    get [sb/sth] together, get together [sb/sth]
    1 ( assemble) réunir [different people, groups] ;
    2 ( accumulate) réunir [money] ; rassembler [food parcels, truckload] ;
    3 ( form) former [company, action group].
    get under:
    get under passer en-dessous ;
    get under [sth] passer sous [barrier, floorboards etc].
    get up:
    get up
    1 (from bed, chair etc) se lever (from de) ; get up off the grass! ne reste pas sur l'herbe! ;
    2 (on horse, ledge etc) monter ; how did you get up there? comment est-ce que tu es monté là-haut? ;
    3 Meteorol [storm] se préparer ; [wind] se lever ;
    4 to get up to ( reach) arriver à [page, upper floor] ; what did you get up to? fig ( sth enjoyable) qu'est-ce que tu as fait de beau? ; ( sth mischievous) qu'est-ce que tu as fabriqué ? ;
    get up [sth]
    1 arriver en haut de [hill, ladder] ;
    2 ( increase) augmenter [speed] ;
    3 (start, muster) former [group] ; faire [petition] ; obtenir [support, sympathy] ;
    get [sth] up organiser ;
    get [oneself] up in mettre [outfit].

    Big English-French dictionary > get

  • 7 standard

    ['stændəd] 1.
    1) (level of quality) standard m., livello m. qualitativo

    to have high, low standards — [ person] avere grandi pretese, essere di poche pretese; [school, institution] avere, non avere standard molto alti

    2) (official specification) norma f. ( for di)
    3) (requirement) (of student, work) requisito m. ( for di); (of hygiene, safety) norme f.pl.
    4) (banner) stendardo m.
    2.
    1) (normal) [rate, size] standard; [ image] tradizionale; [ procedure] normale, standard
    2) (authoritative) [ work] fondamentale
    3) (anche standard class) BE ferr. [ ticket] di seconda classe
    * * *
    ['stændəd] 1. noun
    1) (something used as a basis of measurement: The kilogram is the international standard of weight.) unità, misura
    2) (a basis for judging quality, or a level of excellence aimed at, required or achieved: You can't judge an amateur artist's work by the same standards as you would judge that of a trained artist; high standards of behaviour; His performance did not reach the required standard.) criterio
    3) (a flag or carved figure etc fixed to a pole and carried eg at the front of an army going into battle.) stendardo, bandiera
    2. adjective
    ((accepted as) normal or usual; The Post Office likes the public to use a standard size of envelope.) standard
    - standardise
    - standardization
    - standardisation
    - standard-bearer
    - be up to / below standard
    - standard of living
    * * *
    ['stændəd] 1.
    1) (level of quality) standard m., livello m. qualitativo

    to have high, low standards — [ person] avere grandi pretese, essere di poche pretese; [school, institution] avere, non avere standard molto alti

    2) (official specification) norma f. ( for di)
    3) (requirement) (of student, work) requisito m. ( for di); (of hygiene, safety) norme f.pl.
    4) (banner) stendardo m.
    2.
    1) (normal) [rate, size] standard; [ image] tradizionale; [ procedure] normale, standard
    2) (authoritative) [ work] fondamentale
    3) (anche standard class) BE ferr. [ ticket] di seconda classe

    English-Italian dictionary > standard

  • 8 standard

    1. noun
    1) (norm) Maßstab, der

    above/below/up to standard — überdurchschnittlich [gut]/unter dem Durchschnitt/der Norm entsprechend

    2) (degree) Niveau, das

    set a high/low standard in or of something — hohe/niedrige Ansprüche an etwas (Akk.) stellen

    standard of living — Lebensstandard, der

    3) in pl. (moral principles) Prinzipien
    4) (flag) Standarte, die
    2. adjective
    1) (conforming to standard) Standard-; (used as reference) Normal-
    2) (widely used) normal
    * * *
    ['stændəd] 1. noun
    1) (something used as a basis of measurement: The kilogram is the international standard of weight.) die Norm
    2) (a basis for judging quality, or a level of excellence aimed at, required or achieved: You can't judge an amateur artist's work by the same standards as you would judge that of a trained artist; high standards of behaviour; His performance did not reach the required standard.) die Anforderung
    3) (a flag or carved figure etc fixed to a pole and carried eg at the front of an army going into battle.) die Standarte
    2. adjective
    ((accepted as) normal or usual; The Post Office likes the public to use a standard size of envelope.) Einheits-...
    - academic.ru/70253/standardize">standardize
    - standardise
    - standardization
    - standardisation
    - standard-bearer
    - be up to / below standard
    - standard of living
    * * *
    stand·ard
    [ˈstændəd, AM -dɚd]
    I. n
    1. (level of quality) Standard m, Qualitätsstufe f
    this essay is of an acceptable \standard dieser Essay ist von durchschnittlicher Qualität
    to be up to [sb's] \standard an jds Standard heranreichen
    to raise \standards das Niveau heben
    2. (criterion) Gradmesser m, Richtlinie f, Maßstab m
    \standards of behaviour Verhaltensmaßstäbe pl
    safety \standard Maß nt an Sicherheit
    by today's \standards nach heutigen Maßstäben [o Begriffen]
    to set high/low \standards hohe/geringe Ansprüche stellen
    to be above/below \standard über/unter der Norm liegen
    to be up to \standard der Norm entsprechen
    \standards pl Wertvorstellungen pl
    \standards of behaviour Verhaltensnormen pl
    moral \standards moralische Prinzipien [o Normen
    4. (currency basis) Währungsstandard m
    gold/silver \standard Gold-/Silberwährung f
    5. (in forestry) Eichmaß nt, Richtmaß nt
    6. (flag) Standarte f
    7. HORT [Hoch]stamm m
    8. BOT Blumenblatt nt
    9. MUS Klassiker m
    old \standard Oldie m fam
    10. AM (car) Schaltwagen m
    II. adj inv
    1. (customary) Standard-
    your new TV comes with a two-year guarantee as \standard esp BRIT Ihr neuer Fernseher wird mit der üblichen Zweijahresgarantie geliefert
    \standard colour/size/unit Standardfarbe/-größe/-einheit f
    \standard cost Standardkosten pl
    \standard draft LAW Standardentwurf m
    \standard fee Normalgebühr f
    \standard interest FIN Normalzins m
    \standard interest rate FIN Einheitszinssatz m
    \standard procedures Standardvorschriften pl
    \standard quotation STOCKEX Einheitskurs m
    \standard working time ADMIN Normalarbeitszeit f
    2. (average) durchschnittlich
    \standard book/work Standardwerk m
    \standard text Standardtext m
    4. LING Standard-
    \standard English die englische Hochsprache
    \standard American die US-amerikanische Hochsprache
    5. AM (manual)
    \standard shift Standardschaltung f
    \standard transmission Standardgetriebe nt
    6. CHEM
    \standard titrimetric substance CHEM Urtiter m
    * * *
    ['stndəd]
    1. n
    1) (= average, established norm) Norm f; (= criterion) Maßstab m; (usu pl = moral standards) (sittliche) Maßstäbe pl

    to be above/below standard — über/unter der Norm sein or liegen

    to be up to standard —

    his (moral) standards are abysmally low — er hat eine erschreckend niedere Moral

    to conform to society's standardsden Wertvorstellungen der Gesellschaft entsprechen

    by any standard(s) — egal, welche Maßstäbe man anlegt

    by today's standard(s)aus heutiger Sicht

    2) (= degree, level) Niveau nt

    of high/low standard — von hohem/niedrigem Niveau

    3) (MEASUREMENT) (Maß)einheit f, Standard m; (= monetary standard) (Währungs)standard m

    these coins don't contain enough silver to conform to the monetary standard — diese Münzen enthalten weniger Silber, als dem Münzfuß entspräche

    4) (= flag) Flagge f, Fahne f; (on car) Stander m; (= royal standard) (königliche) Standarte
    5) (= pole) Mast m
    6) (HORT) (Hoch)stamm m
    7) (= piece of popular music) Klassiker m
    2. adj
    1) (= usual, customary) üblich; (COMM) Standard-, (handels)üblich; (= average) performance, work durchschnittlich; (= widely referred to) Standard-

    that word is hardly standarddieses Wort ist ziemlich ungebräuchlich

    * * *
    standard1 [ˈstændə(r)d]
    A s
    1. Standard m, Norm f
    2. Muster n, Vorbild n
    3. Maßstab m:
    apply another standard fig einen anderen Maßstab anlegen;
    standard of value Wertmaßstab;
    by sb’s standard
    a) für jemandes Begriffe, nach jemandes Begriffen,
    b) nach eigenen Maßstäben;
    by present-day standards nach heutigen Begriffen; double standard
    4. Richt-, Eichmaß n, Standard m
    5. Richtlinie f:
    code of standards Richtlinien
    6. (Mindest)Anforderungen pl:
    be up to (below) standard den Anforderungen (nicht) genügen oder entsprechen;
    set high standards ( oder a high standard) (for) viel verlangen (von), hohe Anforderungen stellen (an akk);
    set new standards neue Maßstäbe setzen;
    standards of entry SCHULE Aufnahmebedingungen;
    standard of living Lebensstandard m
    7. WIRTSCH Standard(qualität) m(f), -ausführung f
    8. (Gold- etc) Währung f, (-)Standard m
    9. Standard m:
    a) Feingehalt m, Feinheit f (der Edelmetalle)
    b) Münzfuß m
    10. Stand m, Niveau n, Grad m:
    a high standard of ein hohes Maß an (dat);
    be of a high standard ein hohes Niveau haben;
    standard of knowledge Bildungsgrad, -stand;
    standard of performance SPORT Leistungsstand, -niveau;
    standard of play SPORT Spielniveau;
    standard of prices Preisniveau, -spiegel m
    11. SCHULE besonders Br Stufe f, Klasse f
    12. Standard m (ein Holzmaß)
    B adj
    1. a) Norm…:
    standard specifications Normvorschriften
    b) normal:
    standard type TYPO normale Schrift (-form)
    c) Normal…:
    standard atmosphere (candle, clock, film, time, etc):
    d) Standard…, Einheits…, TECH auch serienmäßig, Serien…:
    standard letter Postwesen: Serienbrief m;
    standard size gängige Größe (Schuhe etc);
    standard software IT Standardprogramm n;
    standard pronunciation Standardaussprache f;
    be standard on zur Serienausstattung bei (oder gen) gehören
    e) Durchschnitts…:
    standard assessment task Br Einstufungstest m;
    standard rate WIRTSCH Grund-, Einheitsgebühr f, auch Normalsatz m;
    standard weight Normal-, Eichgewicht n, auch Gewichtseinheit f
    2. gültig, maßgebend, Standard…:
    standard dollar (HIST Gold)Dollar m;
    standard English LING hochsprachliches Englisch;
    Standard German LING Hochdeutsch n
    3. standard deviation (Statistik) Standardabweichung f
    standard2 [ˈstændə(r)d]
    A s
    1. a) MIL, POL Standarte f
    b) Fahne f, Flagge f
    c) Wimpel m
    2. fig Banner n
    3. TECH
    a) Ständer m
    b) Pfosten m, Pfeiler m, Stütze f
    c) Gestell n
    4. AGR
    a) Hochstämmchen n (frei stehender Strauch)
    b) Hochstamm m, Baum m (Obst)
    5. ORN Fahne f (Federteil)
    B adj
    1. stehend, Steh…:
    standard lamp Br Stehlampe f
    2. AGR hochstämmig (Rose etc)
    * * *
    1. noun
    1) (norm) Maßstab, der

    above/below/up to standard — überdurchschnittlich [gut]/unter dem Durchschnitt/der Norm entsprechend

    2) (degree) Niveau, das

    set a high/low standard in or of something — hohe/niedrige Ansprüche an etwas (Akk.) stellen

    standard of living — Lebensstandard, der

    3) in pl. (moral principles) Prinzipien
    4) (flag) Standarte, die
    2. adjective
    2) (widely used) normal
    * * *
    adj.
    Norm- präfix.
    maßgebend adj.
    mustergültig adj.
    normal adj.
    serienmäßig adj. n.
    Maßstab -¨e m.
    Standard -s m.
    Standarte f.
    standardmäßig adj.
    tariflich adj.

    English-german dictionary > standard

  • 9 Mark

    I 1. noun
    1) (trace) Spur, die; (of finger, foot also) Abdruck, der; (stain etc.) Fleck, der; (scratch) Kratzer, der

    dirty mark — Schmutzfleck, der

    leave one's/its mark on something — (fig.) einer Sache (Dat.) seinen Stempel aufdrücken

    make one's/its mark — (fig.) sich (Dat.) einen Namen machen

    2) (affixed sign, indication, symbol) Zeichen, das; (in trade names) Typ, der (Technik)

    distinguishing mark — Kennzeichen, das

    Mark 2 version/model — Version/Modell 2

    be a mark of good taste/breeding — ein Zeichen guten Geschmacks/guter Erziehung sein

    something is the mark of a good writeran etwas (Dat.) erkennt man einen guten Schriftsteller

    3) (Sch.): (grade) Zensur, die; Note, die; (Sch., Sport): (unit of numerical award) Punkt, der

    get good/bad/35 marks in or for a subject — gute/schlechte Noten od. Zensuren/35 Punkte in einem Fach bekommen

    4) (line etc. to indicate position) Markierung, die
    5) (level) Marke, die

    reach the 15 % mark — die 15 %-Marke erreichen

    6) (Sport): (starting position) Startlinie, die

    on your marks! [get set! go!] — auf die Plätze! [Fertig! Los!]

    be quick/slow off the mark — einen guten/schlechten Start haben; (fig.) fix (ugs.) /langsam sein

    7) (target, desired object) Ziel, das

    hit the mark(fig.) ins Schwarze treffen

    be wide of the mark(lit. or fig.) danebentreffen

    be close to the mark(fig.) der Sache nahe kommen

    2. transitive verb
    1) (stain, dirty) Flecke[n] machen auf (+ Dat.); schmutzig machen; (scratch) zerkratzen
    2) (put distinguishing mark on, signal) kennzeichnen, markieren ( with mit)

    the bottle was marked ‘poison’ — die Flasche trug die Aufschrift "Gift"

    mark an item with its priceeine Ware auszeichnen od. mit einem Preisschild versehen

    3) (Sch.) (correct) korrigieren; (grade) benoten; zensieren
    4)

    mark time(Mil.; also fig.) auf der Stelle treten

    5) (characterize) kennzeichnen; charakterisieren
    6) (heed) hören auf (+ Akk.) [Person, Wort]

    [you] mark my words — höre auf mich; eins kann ich dir sagen; (as a warning) lass dir das gesagt sein

    7) (Brit. Sport): (keep close to) markieren (fachspr.), decken [Gegenspieler]
    Phrasal Verbs:
    - academic.ru/45241/mark_down">mark down
    II noun
    (monetary unit) Mark, die
    * * *
    1. noun
    1) ((also Deutsche Mark, Deutschmark) the standard unit of German currency before the euro.)
    2) (a point given as a reward for good work etc: She got good marks in the exam.)
    3) (a stain: That spilt coffee has left a mark on the carpet.)
    4) (a sign used as a guide to position etc: There's a mark on the map showing where the church is.)
    5) (a cross or other sign used instead of a signature: He couldn't sign his name, so he made his mark instead.)
    6) (an indication or sign of a particular thing: a mark of respect.)
    2. verb
    1) (to put a mark or stain on, or to become marked or stained: Every pupil's coat must be marked with his name; That coffee has marked the tablecloth; This white material marks easily.)
    2) (to give marks to (a piece of work): I have forty exam-papers to mark tonight.)
    3) (to show; to be a sign of: X marks the spot where the treasure is buried.)
    4) (to note: Mark it down in your notebook.)
    5) ((in football etc) to keep close to (an opponent) so as to prevent his getting the ball: Your job is to mark the centre-forward.)
    - marked
    - markedly
    - marker
    - marksman
    - marksmanship
    - leave/make one's mark
    - mark out
    - mark time
    * * *
    mark1
    [mɑ:k, AM mɑ:rk]
    I. n
    1. (spot, stain) Fleck m; (on the skin) Mal nt; (when burnt) Brandmal nt geh; (scratch) Kratzer m, Schramme f; (trace) Spur f; (scar) Narbe f; (fingerprint, footprint) Abdruck m
    the wine left a permanent \mark on his shirt der Wein hinterließ bleibende Flecken auf seinem Hemd
    his fingers had left \marks all over the table auf dem Tisch waren überall seine Fingerabdrücke zu sehen
    dirt/paint \marks Schmutz-/Farbflecken pl
    2. (identifying feature) [Kenn]zeichen nt, Merkmal nt; ZOOL Kennung f; (on fur)
    \marks pl Zeichnung f
    it's the [distinguishing] \mark of a gentleman/good newspaper to... es zeichnet einen Gentleman/eine gute Zeitung aus [o man erkennt einen Gentleman/eine gute Zeitung daran], dass er/sie...
    the crime bears all the \marks of a planned murder alle Anzeichen weisen auf einen geplanten Mord hin
    distinguishing [or identifying] \marks unverwechselbare Kennzeichen
    3. ( fig: indication) Zeichen nt
    a \mark of appreciation/respect ein Zeichen nt der Wertschätzung/des Respekts
    adjusting \mark TECH Einstellmarke f
    5. (sign to distinguish) Zeichen nt
    \mark of origin Herkunftszeichen nt
    trade \mark Warenzeichen nt, Schutzmarke f
    6. (signature) Kreuz nt
    to make one's \mark [on sth] sein Kreuz [unter etw akk] setzen
    7. (for punctuation) Satzzeichen nt
    exclamation/quotation \mark Ausrufe-/Fragezeichen nt
    quotation \marks Anführungszeichen pl
    8. SCH (grade) Note f, Zensur f
    what \mark did you get for biology? was hast du in Biologie bekommen?
    no \marks for guessing who did this ( fig fam) es ist nicht schwer zu erraten, wer das gemacht hat
    to get bad/good \marks for sth schlechte/gute Noten für etw akk bekommen
    to get full \marks [for sth] BRIT, AUS die Bestnote [für etw akk] erhalten
    full \marks for guessing who I met at the party ( fig fam) hundert Punkte, wenn du drauf kommst, wen ich auf der Party getroffen habe fam
    9. no pl (required standard) Standard m, Norm f
    to be up to the \mark den Anforderungen [o Erwartungen] entsprechen
    to not feel up to the \mark nicht ganz auf der Höhe sein fam
    10. no pl ( fig: distinction) Rang m
    he is a man of \mark er ist eine Persönlichkeit von Rang
    11. (point) Marke f
    sales have already passed the million \mark die Verkaufszahlen haben die Millionenmarke bereits überschritten
    to be over the halfway \mark über die Hälfte geschafft haben
    12. ( also fig: target) Ziel nt, Zielscheibe f a. fig
    to be an easy \mark AM ( fig) leicht reinzulegen sein fam
    to be wide of [or quite off] the \mark das Ziel um Längen verfehlen a. fig
    to hit the \mark [genau] ins Schwarze treffen a. fig
    to miss the \mark vorbeischießen; ( fig) seinen Zweck verfehlen
    to overshoot the \mark über das Ziel hinausschießen a. fig
    13. (in a race) Start m; (starting block) Startblock m; (starting line) Startlinie f
    on your \marks, get set, go! auf die Plätze, fertig, los!
    14. (version of a car) Modell nt
    a \mark 4 Escort ein Escort Modell 4
    15. COMPUT Marke f fachspr
    17.
    to leave its/one's \mark on sb/sth seine Spuren bei jdm/etw hinterlassen
    she left her \mark on the company sie hat den Betrieb sehr geprägt
    to make one's \mark auffallen
    to be slow/quick off the \mark (understand) schwer/schnell von Begriff sein fam; (take action) langsam/[blitz]schnell reagieren
    you'll have to be quick off the \mark with that application du musst dich mit der Bewerbung beeilen
    II. vt
    to \mark sth etw schmutzig machen
    2. usu passive (scar)
    his face was \marked for life er hat bleibende Narben im Gesicht zurückbehalten
    the man's body was \marked with blows from a blunt weapon die Leiche des Mannes trug Spuren von Schlägen mit einer stumpfen Waffe
    to \mark sth etw markieren [o bezeichnen] [o kennzeichnen
    4. (label)
    to \mark sth etw beschriften; (indicate the price of) etw auszeichnen
    the bottle was \marked ‘poison’ die Flasche trug die Aufschrift ‚Gift‘
    they \marked the shirts at €20 sie zeichneten die Hemden mit 20 Euro aus
    to \mark a route on a plan eine Route auf einem Plan einzeichnen
    5.
    to \mark sth (characterize) etw kennzeichnen [o markieren]; (mean) etw bedeuten
    to \mark the beginning/end of sth den Anfang/das Ende einer S. gen markieren
    to \mark a turning point einen Wendepunkt darstellen
    to \mark sth an etw akk erinnern
    a concert to \mark the 10th anniversary ein Konzert aus Anlass des zehnten Jahrestages
    a speech to \mark the occasion eine Rede zur Feier des Tages
    7. SCH
    to \mark sth etw zensieren
    to \mark sb jdn benoten
    8. (clearly identify)
    to \mark sb/sth as sb/sth jdn/etw als jdn/etw kennzeichnen [o auszeichnen]
    your clothes \mark you as a man of good taste Ihre Kleider lassen erkennen, dass Sie ein Mann von gutem Geschmack sind
    to be \marked as/for sth zu etw dat /für etw akk bestimmt sein
    10. SPORT, FBALL
    to \mark sb jdn decken
    11. SCI
    to \mark sth receptacle etw eichen
    12.
    to \mark time (in a parade) auf der Stelle marschieren; ( fig: not move forward) die Zeit überbrücken
    [you] \mark my words! lass dir das gesagt sein!
    III. vi
    1. (get dirty) schmutzig [o SCHWEIZ a. dreckig] werden, schmutzen, verdrecken SCHWEIZ; (scratch) Kratzer [o Schrammen] bekommen
    2. SCH (give marks) Noten vergeben; (correct) korrigieren
    3. (pay attention)
    \mark! Achtung!
    mark2
    <pl -s or ->
    [mɑ:k, AM mɑ:rk]
    n short for Deutschmark Mark f
    * * *
    [mAːk]
    n
    Markus m
    * * *
    Mark [mɑː(r)k] Eigenn & s BIBEL Markus(evangelium) m(n)
    * * *
    I 1. noun
    1) (trace) Spur, die; (of finger, foot also) Abdruck, der; (stain etc.) Fleck, der; (scratch) Kratzer, der

    dirty mark — Schmutzfleck, der

    leave one's/its mark on something — (fig.) einer Sache (Dat.) seinen Stempel aufdrücken

    make one's/its mark — (fig.) sich (Dat.) einen Namen machen

    2) (affixed sign, indication, symbol) Zeichen, das; (in trade names) Typ, der (Technik)

    distinguishing mark — Kennzeichen, das

    Mark 2 version/model — Version/Modell 2

    be a mark of good taste/breeding — ein Zeichen guten Geschmacks/guter Erziehung sein

    something is the mark of a good writeran etwas (Dat.) erkennt man einen guten Schriftsteller

    3) (Sch.): (grade) Zensur, die; Note, die; (Sch., Sport): (unit of numerical award) Punkt, der

    get good/bad/35 marks in or for a subject — gute/schlechte Noten od. Zensuren/35 Punkte in einem Fach bekommen

    4) (line etc. to indicate position) Markierung, die
    5) (level) Marke, die

    reach the 15 % mark — die 15 %-Marke erreichen

    6) (Sport): (starting position) Startlinie, die

    on your marks! [get set! go!] — auf die Plätze! [Fertig! Los!]

    be quick/slow off the mark — einen guten/schlechten Start haben; (fig.) fix (ugs.) /langsam sein

    7) (target, desired object) Ziel, das

    hit the mark(fig.) ins Schwarze treffen

    be wide of the mark(lit. or fig.) danebentreffen

    be close to the mark(fig.) der Sache nahe kommen

    2. transitive verb
    1) (stain, dirty) Flecke[n] machen auf (+ Dat.); schmutzig machen; (scratch) zerkratzen
    2) (put distinguishing mark on, signal) kennzeichnen, markieren ( with mit)

    the bottle was marked ‘poison’ — die Flasche trug die Aufschrift "Gift"

    mark an item with its priceeine Ware auszeichnen od. mit einem Preisschild versehen

    ceremonies to mark the tenth anniversary — Feierlichkeiten aus Anlass des 10. Jahrestages

    3) (Sch.) (correct) korrigieren; (grade) benoten; zensieren
    4)

    mark time(Mil.; also fig.) auf der Stelle treten

    5) (characterize) kennzeichnen; charakterisieren
    6) (heed) hören auf (+ Akk.) [Person, Wort]

    [you] mark my words — höre auf mich; eins kann ich dir sagen; (as a warning) lass dir das gesagt sein

    7) (Brit. Sport): (keep close to) markieren (fachspr.), decken [Gegenspieler]
    Phrasal Verbs:
    II noun
    (monetary unit) Mark, die
    * * *
    Schulnote f. (german monetary unit) n.
    Mark nur sing. m. (school) n.
    Zensur -en f. n.
    Eindruck -¨e m.
    Marke -n f.
    Markierung f.
    Zeichen - n. (on) v.
    einzeichnen (auf) ausdr.
    markieren v. v.
    beachten v.
    kennzeichnen v.
    zensieren (Zensuren geben) v.
    zensieren v.

    English-german dictionary > Mark

  • 10 mark

    I 1. noun
    1) (trace) Spur, die; (of finger, foot also) Abdruck, der; (stain etc.) Fleck, der; (scratch) Kratzer, der

    dirty mark — Schmutzfleck, der

    leave one's/its mark on something — (fig.) einer Sache (Dat.) seinen Stempel aufdrücken

    make one's/its mark — (fig.) sich (Dat.) einen Namen machen

    2) (affixed sign, indication, symbol) Zeichen, das; (in trade names) Typ, der (Technik)

    distinguishing mark — Kennzeichen, das

    Mark 2 version/model — Version/Modell 2

    be a mark of good taste/breeding — ein Zeichen guten Geschmacks/guter Erziehung sein

    something is the mark of a good writeran etwas (Dat.) erkennt man einen guten Schriftsteller

    3) (Sch.): (grade) Zensur, die; Note, die; (Sch., Sport): (unit of numerical award) Punkt, der

    get good/bad/35 marks in or for a subject — gute/schlechte Noten od. Zensuren/35 Punkte in einem Fach bekommen

    4) (line etc. to indicate position) Markierung, die
    5) (level) Marke, die

    reach the 15 % mark — die 15 %-Marke erreichen

    6) (Sport): (starting position) Startlinie, die

    on your marks! [get set! go!] — auf die Plätze! [Fertig! Los!]

    be quick/slow off the mark — einen guten/schlechten Start haben; (fig.) fix (ugs.) /langsam sein

    7) (target, desired object) Ziel, das

    hit the mark(fig.) ins Schwarze treffen

    be wide of the mark(lit. or fig.) danebentreffen

    be close to the mark(fig.) der Sache nahe kommen

    2. transitive verb
    1) (stain, dirty) Flecke[n] machen auf (+ Dat.); schmutzig machen; (scratch) zerkratzen
    2) (put distinguishing mark on, signal) kennzeichnen, markieren ( with mit)

    the bottle was marked ‘poison’ — die Flasche trug die Aufschrift "Gift"

    mark an item with its priceeine Ware auszeichnen od. mit einem Preisschild versehen

    3) (Sch.) (correct) korrigieren; (grade) benoten; zensieren
    4)

    mark time(Mil.; also fig.) auf der Stelle treten

    5) (characterize) kennzeichnen; charakterisieren
    6) (heed) hören auf (+ Akk.) [Person, Wort]

    [you] mark my words — höre auf mich; eins kann ich dir sagen; (as a warning) lass dir das gesagt sein

    7) (Brit. Sport): (keep close to) markieren (fachspr.), decken [Gegenspieler]
    Phrasal Verbs:
    - academic.ru/45241/mark_down">mark down
    II noun
    (monetary unit) Mark, die
    * * *
    1. noun
    1) ((also Deutsche Mark, Deutschmark) the standard unit of German currency before the euro.)
    2) (a point given as a reward for good work etc: She got good marks in the exam.)
    3) (a stain: That spilt coffee has left a mark on the carpet.)
    4) (a sign used as a guide to position etc: There's a mark on the map showing where the church is.)
    5) (a cross or other sign used instead of a signature: He couldn't sign his name, so he made his mark instead.)
    6) (an indication or sign of a particular thing: a mark of respect.)
    2. verb
    1) (to put a mark or stain on, or to become marked or stained: Every pupil's coat must be marked with his name; That coffee has marked the tablecloth; This white material marks easily.)
    2) (to give marks to (a piece of work): I have forty exam-papers to mark tonight.)
    3) (to show; to be a sign of: X marks the spot where the treasure is buried.)
    4) (to note: Mark it down in your notebook.)
    5) ((in football etc) to keep close to (an opponent) so as to prevent his getting the ball: Your job is to mark the centre-forward.)
    - marked
    - markedly
    - marker
    - marksman
    - marksmanship
    - leave/make one's mark
    - mark out
    - mark time
    * * *
    mark1
    [mɑ:k, AM mɑ:rk]
    I. n
    1. (spot, stain) Fleck m; (on the skin) Mal nt; (when burnt) Brandmal nt geh; (scratch) Kratzer m, Schramme f; (trace) Spur f; (scar) Narbe f; (fingerprint, footprint) Abdruck m
    the wine left a permanent \mark on his shirt der Wein hinterließ bleibende Flecken auf seinem Hemd
    his fingers had left \marks all over the table auf dem Tisch waren überall seine Fingerabdrücke zu sehen
    dirt/paint \marks Schmutz-/Farbflecken pl
    2. (identifying feature) [Kenn]zeichen nt, Merkmal nt; ZOOL Kennung f; (on fur)
    \marks pl Zeichnung f
    it's the [distinguishing] \mark of a gentleman/good newspaper to... es zeichnet einen Gentleman/eine gute Zeitung aus [o man erkennt einen Gentleman/eine gute Zeitung daran], dass er/sie...
    the crime bears all the \marks of a planned murder alle Anzeichen weisen auf einen geplanten Mord hin
    distinguishing [or identifying] \marks unverwechselbare Kennzeichen
    3. ( fig: indication) Zeichen nt
    a \mark of appreciation/respect ein Zeichen nt der Wertschätzung/des Respekts
    adjusting \mark TECH Einstellmarke f
    5. (sign to distinguish) Zeichen nt
    \mark of origin Herkunftszeichen nt
    trade \mark Warenzeichen nt, Schutzmarke f
    6. (signature) Kreuz nt
    to make one's \mark [on sth] sein Kreuz [unter etw akk] setzen
    7. (for punctuation) Satzzeichen nt
    exclamation/quotation \mark Ausrufe-/Fragezeichen nt
    quotation \marks Anführungszeichen pl
    8. SCH (grade) Note f, Zensur f
    what \mark did you get for biology? was hast du in Biologie bekommen?
    no \marks for guessing who did this ( fig fam) es ist nicht schwer zu erraten, wer das gemacht hat
    to get bad/good \marks for sth schlechte/gute Noten für etw akk bekommen
    to get full \marks [for sth] BRIT, AUS die Bestnote [für etw akk] erhalten
    full \marks for guessing who I met at the party ( fig fam) hundert Punkte, wenn du drauf kommst, wen ich auf der Party getroffen habe fam
    9. no pl (required standard) Standard m, Norm f
    to be up to the \mark den Anforderungen [o Erwartungen] entsprechen
    to not feel up to the \mark nicht ganz auf der Höhe sein fam
    10. no pl ( fig: distinction) Rang m
    he is a man of \mark er ist eine Persönlichkeit von Rang
    11. (point) Marke f
    sales have already passed the million \mark die Verkaufszahlen haben die Millionenmarke bereits überschritten
    to be over the halfway \mark über die Hälfte geschafft haben
    12. ( also fig: target) Ziel nt, Zielscheibe f a. fig
    to be an easy \mark AM ( fig) leicht reinzulegen sein fam
    to be wide of [or quite off] the \mark das Ziel um Längen verfehlen a. fig
    to hit the \mark [genau] ins Schwarze treffen a. fig
    to miss the \mark vorbeischießen; ( fig) seinen Zweck verfehlen
    to overshoot the \mark über das Ziel hinausschießen a. fig
    13. (in a race) Start m; (starting block) Startblock m; (starting line) Startlinie f
    on your \marks, get set, go! auf die Plätze, fertig, los!
    14. (version of a car) Modell nt
    a \mark 4 Escort ein Escort Modell 4
    15. COMPUT Marke f fachspr
    17.
    to leave its/one's \mark on sb/sth seine Spuren bei jdm/etw hinterlassen
    she left her \mark on the company sie hat den Betrieb sehr geprägt
    to make one's \mark auffallen
    to be slow/quick off the \mark (understand) schwer/schnell von Begriff sein fam; (take action) langsam/[blitz]schnell reagieren
    you'll have to be quick off the \mark with that application du musst dich mit der Bewerbung beeilen
    II. vt
    to \mark sth etw schmutzig machen
    2. usu passive (scar)
    his face was \marked for life er hat bleibende Narben im Gesicht zurückbehalten
    the man's body was \marked with blows from a blunt weapon die Leiche des Mannes trug Spuren von Schlägen mit einer stumpfen Waffe
    to \mark sth etw markieren [o bezeichnen] [o kennzeichnen
    4. (label)
    to \mark sth etw beschriften; (indicate the price of) etw auszeichnen
    the bottle was \marked ‘poison’ die Flasche trug die Aufschrift ‚Gift‘
    they \marked the shirts at €20 sie zeichneten die Hemden mit 20 Euro aus
    to \mark a route on a plan eine Route auf einem Plan einzeichnen
    5.
    to \mark sth (characterize) etw kennzeichnen [o markieren]; (mean) etw bedeuten
    to \mark the beginning/end of sth den Anfang/das Ende einer S. gen markieren
    to \mark a turning point einen Wendepunkt darstellen
    to \mark sth an etw akk erinnern
    a concert to \mark the 10th anniversary ein Konzert aus Anlass des zehnten Jahrestages
    a speech to \mark the occasion eine Rede zur Feier des Tages
    7. SCH
    to \mark sth etw zensieren
    to \mark sb jdn benoten
    8. (clearly identify)
    to \mark sb/sth as sb/sth jdn/etw als jdn/etw kennzeichnen [o auszeichnen]
    your clothes \mark you as a man of good taste Ihre Kleider lassen erkennen, dass Sie ein Mann von gutem Geschmack sind
    to be \marked as/for sth zu etw dat /für etw akk bestimmt sein
    10. SPORT, FBALL
    to \mark sb jdn decken
    11. SCI
    to \mark sth receptacle etw eichen
    12.
    to \mark time (in a parade) auf der Stelle marschieren; ( fig: not move forward) die Zeit überbrücken
    [you] \mark my words! lass dir das gesagt sein!
    III. vi
    1. (get dirty) schmutzig [o SCHWEIZ a. dreckig] werden, schmutzen, verdrecken SCHWEIZ; (scratch) Kratzer [o Schrammen] bekommen
    2. SCH (give marks) Noten vergeben; (correct) korrigieren
    3. (pay attention)
    \mark! Achtung!
    mark2
    <pl -s or ->
    [mɑ:k, AM mɑ:rk]
    n short for Deutschmark Mark f
    * * *
    [mAːk]
    n
    Markus m
    * * *
    mark1 [mɑː(r)k]
    A s
    1. Markierung f, Mal n, besonders TECH Marke f:
    make a mark in the calendar sich einen Tag rot anstreichen
    2. fig Zeichen n:
    mark of confidence Vertrauensbeweis m;
    mark of favo(u)r Gunstbezeigung f;
    mark of respect Zeichen der Hochachtung;
    God bless ( oder save) the mark obs umg mit Verlaub zu sagen
    3. (Kenn)Zeichen n, ( auch charakteristisches) Merkmal:
    distinctive mark Kennzeichen
    4. (Schrift-, Satz-) Zeichen n:
    mark of correction Korrekturzeichen
    5. Orientierungs-, Sichtzeichen n:
    6. (An)Zeichen n:
    7. a) (Eigentums)Zeichen n
    b) Brandmal n
    8. roter Fleck (auf der Haut), Strieme f, Schwiele f
    9. Narbe f ( auch TECH)
    10. Kerbe f, Einschnitt m
    11. (Hand-, Namens) Zeichen n, Kreuz n (eines Analphabeten)
    12. Ziel n (auch fig), Zielscheibe f:
    a) (das Ziel) treffen,
    b) fig ins Schwarze treffen;
    miss the mark das Ziel verfehlen, danebenschießen (beide a. fig);
    a) (weit) danebenschießen,
    b) fig sich (gewaltig) irren, (Schätzung etc) (weit) danebenliegen;
    £1,000 will be nearer to the mark kommen (schon) eher hin umg
    13. fig Norm f:
    a) unter dem Durchschnitt,
    b) gesundheitlich etc nicht auf der Höhe umg;
    a) den Anforderungen gewachsen sein (Person) oder genügen (Leistungen etc),
    b) gesundheitlich auf der Höhe sein umg;
    a) innerhalb der erlaubten Grenzen,
    b) berechtigt ( in doing sth etwas zu tun);
    a) über das Ziel hinausschießen umg,
    b) zu weit gehen, den Bogen überspannen
    14. (aufgeprägter) Stempel, Gepräge n
    15. a) (Fuß-, Brems- etc) Spur f:
    leave one’s mark (up)on fig seinen Stempel aufdrücken (dat); bei jemandem seine Spuren hinterlassen;
    make one’s mark sich einen Namen machen, sich profilieren ( beide:
    on, upon in einem Betrieb etc)
    b) Fleck m
    c) Abdruck m:
    leave a mark einen Abdruck hinterlassen, sich abdrücken
    16. fig Bedeutung f, Rang m:
    a man of mark eine markante oder bedeutende Persönlichkeit
    17. Marke f, Sorte f:
    mark of quality Qualitätsmarke
    18. WIRTSCH
    a) (Fabrik-, Waren) Zeichen n, (Schutz-, Handels-) Marke f
    b) Preisangabe f
    19. SCHIFF
    a) (abgemarkte) Fadenlänge (der Lotleine)
    b) Landmarke f
    c) Bake f, Leitzeichen n
    d) Mark n, Ladungsbezeichnung f
    e) Marke f
    20. MIL, TECH Modell n, Type f:
    a mark V tank ein Panzer(wagen) der Type V
    21. SCHULE
    a) Note f ( auch SPORT), Zensur f:
    get ( oder obtain) full marks die beste Note bekommen, die höchste Punktzahl erreichen;
    give sb full marks for sth fig jemandem für etwas höchstes Lob zollen;
    he gained 20 marks for Greek im Griechischen bekam er 20 Punkte;
    bad mark Note für schlechtes Betragen
    b) pl Zeugnis n:
    bad marks ein schlechtes Zeugnis
    22. umg (das) Richtige:
    that’s not my mark das ist nicht mein Geschmack, das ist nicht das Richtige für mich
    23. easy A 1
    24. SPORT
    a) Fußball: (Elfmeter) Punkt m
    b) Boxen: sl Magengrube f
    c) Bowls: Zielkugel f
    d) Laufsport: Startlinie f:
    on your marks! auf die Plätze!;
    be quick (slow) off the mark einen guten (schlechten) Start haben, fig schnell (langsam) reagieren oder umg schalten
    25. meist mark of mouth Bohne f, Kennung f (Alterszeichen an Pferdezähnen)
    26. HIST
    a) Mark f, Grenzgebiet n
    b) Gemeindemark f, Allmende f:
    mark moot Gemeindeversammlung f
    B v/t
    1. markieren:
    a) Wege, Gegenstände etc kennzeichnen
    b) Stellen auf einer Karte etc bezeichnen, (provisorisch) andeuten
    c) Wäsche zeichnen:
    mark by a dotted line durch eine punktierte Linie kennzeichnen;
    mark (with a hot iron) brandmarken;
    a) MIL auf der Stelle treten (a. fig),
    b) fig nicht vom Fleck kommen,
    c) abwarten,
    d) MUS den Takt schlagen
    2. a) Spuren hinterlassen auf (dat):
    b) fig jemanden zeichnen (Krankheit etc)
    3. eine Ära etc kennzeichnen, kennzeichnend sein für:
    the day was marked by heavy fighting der Tag stand im Zeichen schwerer Kämpfe;
    no triumph marks her manner es ist nicht ihre Art aufzutrumpfen
    4. ein Zeichen sein für:
    that marks him for a leader das zeigt, dass er sich zum Führer eignet;
    he has all the qualities that mark a good doctor er hat alle Eigenschaften, die einen guten Arzt ausmachen
    5. (aus mehreren) bestimmen, (aus)wählen, ausersehen ( alle:
    for für)
    6. hervorheben:
    mark the occasion (Redew) zur Feier des Tages, aus diesem Anlass
    7. zum Ausdruck bringen, zeigen:
    mark one’s displeasure by hissing
    8. SCHULE benoten, zensieren, SPORT bewerten
    9. notieren, vermerken
    10. sich etwas merken:
    mark my words denke an meine Worte oder an mich!
    11. bemerken, beachten, achtgeben auf (akk)
    12. WIRTSCH
    a) Waren auszeichnen
    b) Br (öffentlich) notieren (lassen)
    c) den Preis festsetzen: mark down 1
    13. LING einen Akzent setzen, eine Länge bezeichnen
    14. SPORT
    a) seinen Gegenspieler decken, (gut etc) markieren:
    mark sb man to man jemanden manndecken, jemanden in Manndeckung nehmen;
    mark sb out of the game jemanden (völlig) abmelden umg
    b) Punkte, Tore etc aufschreiben, notieren:
    mark the game C 4 b
    C v/i
    1. markieren
    2. achtgeben, aufpassen
    3. sich etwas merken:
    mark you wohlgemerkt
    4. SPORT
    a) decken
    b) den Spielstand laufend notieren
    5. mark easily (quickly) leicht (schnell) schmutzen
    mark2 [mɑː(r)k] s WIRTSCH
    1. (deutsche) Mark
    2. HIST Mark f:
    M abk
    1. FLUG PHYS Mach number
    2. Br motorway
    5. HIST (Währung) mark ( marks pl) DM
    mk (mks) abk HIST (Währung) mark ( marks pl) DM f oder pl
    * * *
    I 1. noun
    1) (trace) Spur, die; (of finger, foot also) Abdruck, der; (stain etc.) Fleck, der; (scratch) Kratzer, der

    dirty mark — Schmutzfleck, der

    leave one's/its mark on something — (fig.) einer Sache (Dat.) seinen Stempel aufdrücken

    make one's/its mark — (fig.) sich (Dat.) einen Namen machen

    2) (affixed sign, indication, symbol) Zeichen, das; (in trade names) Typ, der (Technik)

    distinguishing mark — Kennzeichen, das

    Mark 2 version/model — Version/Modell 2

    be a mark of good taste/breeding — ein Zeichen guten Geschmacks/guter Erziehung sein

    something is the mark of a good writeran etwas (Dat.) erkennt man einen guten Schriftsteller

    3) (Sch.): (grade) Zensur, die; Note, die; (Sch., Sport): (unit of numerical award) Punkt, der

    get good/bad/35 marks in or for a subject — gute/schlechte Noten od. Zensuren/35 Punkte in einem Fach bekommen

    4) (line etc. to indicate position) Markierung, die
    5) (level) Marke, die

    reach the 15 % mark — die 15 %-Marke erreichen

    6) (Sport): (starting position) Startlinie, die

    on your marks! [get set! go!] — auf die Plätze! [Fertig! Los!]

    be quick/slow off the mark — einen guten/schlechten Start haben; (fig.) fix (ugs.) /langsam sein

    7) (target, desired object) Ziel, das

    hit the mark(fig.) ins Schwarze treffen

    be wide of the mark(lit. or fig.) danebentreffen

    be close to the mark(fig.) der Sache nahe kommen

    2. transitive verb
    1) (stain, dirty) Flecke[n] machen auf (+ Dat.); schmutzig machen; (scratch) zerkratzen
    2) (put distinguishing mark on, signal) kennzeichnen, markieren ( with mit)

    the bottle was marked ‘poison’ — die Flasche trug die Aufschrift "Gift"

    mark an item with its priceeine Ware auszeichnen od. mit einem Preisschild versehen

    ceremonies to mark the tenth anniversary — Feierlichkeiten aus Anlass des 10. Jahrestages

    3) (Sch.) (correct) korrigieren; (grade) benoten; zensieren
    4)

    mark time(Mil.; also fig.) auf der Stelle treten

    5) (characterize) kennzeichnen; charakterisieren
    6) (heed) hören auf (+ Akk.) [Person, Wort]

    [you] mark my words — höre auf mich; eins kann ich dir sagen; (as a warning) lass dir das gesagt sein

    7) (Brit. Sport): (keep close to) markieren (fachspr.), decken [Gegenspieler]
    Phrasal Verbs:
    II noun
    (monetary unit) Mark, die
    * * *
    Schulnote f. (german monetary unit) n.
    Mark nur sing. m. (school) n.
    Zensur -en f. n.
    Eindruck -¨e m.
    Marke -n f.
    Markierung f.
    Zeichen - n. (on) v.
    einzeichnen (auf) ausdr.
    markieren v. v.
    beachten v.
    kennzeichnen v.
    zensieren (Zensuren geben) v.
    zensieren v.

    English-german dictionary > mark

  • 11 standard

    ['stændəd] 1. n
    ( level) poziom m; (norm, criterion) norma f, standard m; ( flag) sztandar m
    2. adj
    size etc typowy; textbook klasyczny; practice znormalizowany, standardowy; model, feature standardowy, podstawowy

    to be/to come up to standard — być na odpowiednim poziomie

    * * *
    ['stændəd] 1. noun
    1) (something used as a basis of measurement: The kilogram is the international standard of weight.) wzorzec, standard
    2) (a basis for judging quality, or a level of excellence aimed at, required or achieved: You can't judge an amateur artist's work by the same standards as you would judge that of a trained artist; high standards of behaviour; His performance did not reach the required standard.) kryterium
    3) (a flag or carved figure etc fixed to a pole and carried eg at the front of an army going into battle.) sztandar, znak bojowy
    2. adjective
    ((accepted as) normal or usual; The Post Office likes the public to use a standard size of envelope.) znormalizowany
    - standardise
    - standardization
    - standardisation
    - standard-bearer
    - be up to / below standard
    - standard of living

    English-Polish dictionary > standard

  • 12 standard

    'stændəd 1. noun
    1) (something used as a basis of measurement: The kilogram is the international standard of weight.) norm, standard, målestokk
    2) (a basis for judging quality, or a level of excellence aimed at, required or achieved: You can't judge an amateur artist's work by the same standards as you would judge that of a trained artist; high standards of behaviour; His performance did not reach the required standard.) nivå, standard
    3) (a flag or carved figure etc fixed to a pole and carried eg at the front of an army going into battle.) fane, banner; maskot, merke
    2. adjective
    ((accepted as) normal or usual; The Post Office likes the public to use a standard size of envelope.) standard, normal-
    - standardise
    - standardization
    - standardisation
    - standard-bearer
    - be up to / below standard
    - standard of living
    kriterium
    --------
    mål
    --------
    måte
    --------
    normal
    --------
    standard
    I
    subst. \/ˈstændəd\/
    1) standard, målestokk, norm, mønster, rettesnor
    2) standard, nivå, kvalitet
    3) standardmål, normalmål, standardtype
    4) standart, fane, banner
    5) ( økonomi) myntfot
    6) ( om gull eller sølv) renhet, lødighet
    7) loddrett vannrør, loddrett gassrør
    8) ( musikk) standardlåt
    9) (britisk, historisk) klasse (i barneskolen)
    10) stanard (internasjonalt mål for trelast =
    4,67 m 3)
    11) ( botanikk) høystammet tre, høystammet plante, høystammet busk
    be a standard for være en standard for
    be on a high standard ha en høy standard, være på et høyt nivå
    below (the) standard under det normale, undermåls
    raise a standard eller raise one's standard ( overført) heve fanen, ta til motmæle, gå til kamp
    rise in the standard eller rise in standards heving av standarden
    standards (om etiske normer, sedvane e.l.) forhold, begreper
    II
    adj. \/ˈstændəd\/
    1) standard-, normal-, vanlig
    2) ( om språk) normal- (uten dialekt eller slang)
    3) klassisk, allment anerkjent
    4) (om fagbok, oppslagsverk e.l.) autoritativ, ledende

    English-Norwegian dictionary > standard

  • 13 standard

    ['stændəd] 1. noun
    1) (something used as a basis of measurement: The kilogram is the international standard of weight.) staðall
    2) (a basis for judging quality, or a level of excellence aimed at, required or achieved: You can't judge an amateur artist's work by the same standards as you would judge that of a trained artist; high standards of behaviour; His performance did not reach the required standard.) viðmiðun
    3) (a flag or carved figure etc fixed to a pole and carried eg at the front of an army going into battle.) gunnfáni, veifa
    2. adjective
    ((accepted as) normal or usual; The Post Office likes the public to use a standard size of envelope.) staðlaður
    - standardise
    - standardization
    - standardisation
    - standard-bearer
    - be up to / below standard
    - standard of living

    English-Icelandic dictionary > standard

  • 14 standard

    szabvány, alapvető, mérték, nívó, standard, oszlop
    * * *
    ['stændəd] 1. noun
    1) (something used as a basis of measurement: The kilogram is the international standard of weight.) mérték
    2) (a basis for judging quality, or a level of excellence aimed at, required or achieved: You can't judge an amateur artist's work by the same standards as you would judge that of a trained artist; high standards of behaviour; His performance did not reach the required standard.) mérce; színvonal
    3) (a flag or carved figure etc fixed to a pole and carried eg at the front of an army going into battle.) zászló
    2. adjective
    ((accepted as) normal or usual; The Post Office likes the public to use a standard size of envelope.) szabvány(os), standard
    - standardise
    - standardization
    - standardisation
    - standard-bearer
    - be up to / below standard
    - standard of living

    English-Hungarian dictionary > standard

  • 15 standard

    ['stændəd] 1. noun
    1) (something used as a basis of measurement: The kilogram is the international standard of weight.) padrão
    2) (a basis for judging quality, or a level of excellence aimed at, required or achieved: You can't judge an amateur artist's work by the same standards as you would judge that of a trained artist; high standards of behaviour; His performance did not reach the required standard.) critério
    3) (a flag or carved figure etc fixed to a pole and carried eg at the front of an army going into battle.) estandarte
    2. adjective
    ((accepted as) normal or usual; The Post Office likes the public to use a standard size of envelope.) uniformizado
    - standardise
    - standardization
    - standardisation
    - standard-bearer
    - be up to / below standard
    - standard of living
    * * *
    stand.ard
    [st'ændəd] n 1 padrão, critério, protótipo, modelo, regra, norma, medida, nível. they judge me by their standard / eles me julgam pelo seu padrão. they applied another standard / aplicaram outro critério. she is not up to the standard / ela não corresponde às exigências. the standard of this book is very high / este livro é de um nível muito alto. 2 medida ou peso padrão. 3 bandeira, emblema, símbolo, estandarte. 4 suporte, coluna. 5 árvore ou arbusto com um tronco liso e direito. 6 base, pedestal. • adj 1 padrão, que serve de padrão. 2 excepcional, modelar, exemplar. 3 legal, oficial. 4 clássico. 5 normal, comum. above (below) the standard acima (abaixo) da média. standard of living nível de vida, padrão de vida.

    English-Portuguese dictionary > standard

  • 16 standard

    adj. standart, normal, klasik, herkesçe kabul edilmiş, standart olarak kullanılan, dik sap üzerinde yetiştirilen
    ————————
    n. standart, miyar, norm, ölçüt, ölçü, model, kalite, ayar, derece, sembol, bayrak, sancak, dik destek, payanda, dik sap üzerinde yetiştirilen bitki, seviye
    * * *
    standart
    * * *
    ['stændəd] 1. noun
    1) (something used as a basis of measurement: The kilogram is the international standard of weight.) standart, ölçü birimi
    2) (a basis for judging quality, or a level of excellence aimed at, required or achieved: You can't judge an amateur artist's work by the same standards as you would judge that of a trained artist; high standards of behaviour; His performance did not reach the required standard.) standart, nitelik derecesi
    3) (a flag or carved figure etc fixed to a pole and carried eg at the front of an army going into battle.) sancak
    2. adjective
    ((accepted as) normal or usual; The Post Office likes the public to use a standard size of envelope.) standart
    - standardization, standardisation
    - standard-bearer
    - be up to / below standard
    - standard of living

    English-Turkish dictionary > standard

  • 17 standard

    ['stændəd] 1. noun
    1) (something used as a basis of measurement: The kilogram is the international standard of weight.) mera
    2) (a basis for judging quality, or a level of excellence aimed at, required or achieved: You can't judge an amateur artist's work by the same standards as you would judge that of a trained artist; high standards of behaviour; His performance did not reach the required standard.) merilo
    3) (a flag or carved figure etc fixed to a pole and carried eg at the front of an army going into battle.) prapor
    2. adjective
    ((accepted as) normal or usual; The Post Office likes the public to use a standard size of envelope.) običajen, standardiziran
    - standardise
    - standardization
    - standardisation
    - standard-bearer
    - be up to / below standard
    - standard of living
    * * *
    I [staendəd]
    1.
    noun
    standard; norma, pravilo, merilo; enotna (uzakonjena, običajna) mera ali teža; vzorec, vzor, splošno veljaven tip; smernica; (minimalne) zahteve; denarna podlaga; veljava; nivó; (šolski) razred, stopnja; vrsta blaga določene, stalne kvalitete
    to set a high standard figuratively veliko zahtevati;
    2.
    adjective
    normalen, standarden; zgleden, klasičen
    II [staendəd]
    1.
    noun
    standarta, prapor (zlasti konjenice); polkovna zastava; ozka, trikotna zastavica; žival v grbu; simbol; pokončen steber, podstavek, stojalo; jambor; drevešček, drevo
    to raise the standard of liberty figuratively dvigniti zastavo svobode;
    2.
    adjective
    stoječ, pokončen; ki ima pokončno steblo ali deblo, visokorasel
    standard rose — (visok) rožni grm (vrtna roža, vrtnica)

    English-Slovenian dictionary > standard

  • 18 standard

    • runko
    • normi
    • normaalimitta
    • norminmukainen
    • normaali
    • normaali-
    • viiri
    • vaatimustaso
    • vaatimus
    • täysiarvoinen
    • vakio-
    • vakio
    • yhteinen
    • prototyyppi
    • purje
    • pylväs
    • rahakanta
    • päämuoto
    • ratkaiseva
    • tavanomainen
    • kanta
    • klassinen
    • lippu
    • kannatin
    • mitta
    • mittapuu
    • perusmalli
    • perusmuoto
    • perustyyppi
    • mallikelpoinen
    • malli
    • mallikappale
    • standardinmukainen
    • standartti
    • standardi
    • tarkistusmitta
    • sääntö
    • taso
    automatic data processing
    • yksikkö
    • laatu
    * * *
    'stændəd 1. noun
    1) (something used as a basis of measurement: The kilogram is the international standard of weight.) mitta
    2) (a basis for judging quality, or a level of excellence aimed at, required or achieved: You can't judge an amateur artist's work by the same standards as you would judge that of a trained artist; high standards of behaviour; His performance did not reach the required standard.) taso
    3) (a flag or carved figure etc fixed to a pole and carried eg at the front of an army going into battle.) lippu
    2. adjective
    ((accepted as) normal or usual; The Post Office likes the public to use a standard size of envelope.) vakio-
    - standardise
    - standardization
    - standardisation
    - standard-bearer
    - be up to / below standard
    - standard of living

    English-Finnish dictionary > standard

  • 19 standard

    ['stændəd] 1. noun
    1) (something used as a basis of measurement: The kilogram is the international standard of weight.) standarts; norma
    2) (a basis for judging quality, or a level of excellence aimed at, required or achieved: You can't judge an amateur artist's work by the same standards as you would judge that of a trained artist; high standards of behaviour; His performance did not reach the required standard.) kritērijs; līmenis; prasības
    3) (a flag or carved figure etc fixed to a pole and carried eg at the front of an army going into battle.) standarts; karogs
    2. adjective
    ((accepted as) normal or usual; The Post Office likes the public to use a standard size of envelope.) standarta-
    - standardise
    - standardization
    - standardisation
    - standard-bearer
    - be up to / below standard
    - standard of living
    * * *
    karogs; standarts, norma; statīvs, balsts; kurss; raudze; augstcelma augs; standarta, tipveida; vispārpieņemts; augstcelma

    English-Latvian dictionary > standard

  • 20 standard

    ['stændəd] 1. noun
    1) (something used as a basis of measurement: The kilogram is the international standard of weight.) matas, standartas
    2) (a basis for judging quality, or a level of excellence aimed at, required or achieved: You can't judge an amateur artist's work by the same standards as you would judge that of a trained artist; high standards of behaviour; His performance did not reach the required standard.) kriterijus
    3) (a flag or carved figure etc fixed to a pole and carried eg at the front of an army going into battle.) vėliava, karo ženklas
    2. adjective
    ((accepted as) normal or usual; The Post Office likes the public to use a standard size of envelope.) standartinis
    - standardise
    - standardization
    - standardisation
    - standard-bearer
    - be up to / below standard
    - standard of living

    English-Lithuanian dictionary > standard

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